Mendel's Laws of Heredity Flashcards
Joe is blood type A and Ivone is type O. Their son Tomas is type A. What could be Tomas’s genotype?
i⁄i
iA/i
iB⁄ iA
There is not enough information to say for certain.
iA/i
Extra:
Type A blood means that there are only A proteins present. Genotypes iAiA (AA) and iAi (AO) will be type A blood and will produce only A proteins.
Type B blood means that there are only B proteins present. Genotypes iBiB (BB) and iBi (BO) will be type B blood and will produce only B proteins.
Type AB blood means that there are both A and B proteins present. The genotype iAiB (AB) will be type AB blood and will produce both A and B proteins.
Type O blood means that there are no proteins present. The genotype ii (OO) will be type O blood and will not produce any proteins.
Each biological parent donates one of two ABO genes to their child. The A and B genes are dominant and the O gene is recessive. As it is in our example, if an O gene is paired with an A gene, the blood type will be A. Their genotype is either AA (iAiA) or AO (iAi).
A guinea pig with short orange fur is crossed with a guinea pig with long orange fur. The offspring are also crossed, and the F2 generation contains 17 guinea pigs with long orange fur, 2 guinea pigs with short beige fur, 6 with short orange fur, and 7 with long beige fur.
Long and beige are dominant.
Long and orange are dominant.
Short and beige are dominant.
Dominance cannot be determined.
Long and orange are dominant.
If blue feathers (F) are dominant over red feathers (f), which of the following combinations will produce only offspring with red feathers?
Ff x Ff
FF x ff
ff x ff
Ff x ff
ff x ff
Humans are _________, meaning their chromosome set number is _________. Gametes of mammals are _________ cells, with a chromosome set number of ________.
haploid, 6n; monoploid, n
diploid, n; triploid, 2n
diploid, 2n; haploid, n
polyploid, n; haploid, 4n
diploid, 2n; haploid, n
Extra:
A diploid cell is a cell that contains two sets of chromosomes.
A haploid cell only contains one set of chromosomes. Gametes (sperm and egg cells) are haploid cells.
During sexual reproduction, gametes fuse at fertilization to form a diploid zygote. The zygote develops into a diploid organism.
The cause of cell differentiation is that different cells _________.
contain different chromosome numbers
have different cell walls
express alternate genetic information
have different numbers of mitochondria
express alternate genetic information
Inheritance can be described as which of the following?
Change in the species structure of an ecological community
Transmission of characteristics to offspring
Change of one cell type to another
Permanent alteration of a nucleotide sequence
Transmission of characteristics to offspring
gene for eye color in humans has 3 alleles: EB, EBl, and EG, for brown, blue, and green eyes, respectively. If an individual is EB/EG, is she homozygous or heterozygous for eye color?
Heterozygous
Homozygous
Neither, because the genotype is incomplete without an allele for brown eye color
Neither, because with more than two possible alleles for a gene, heterozygous and homozygous don’t mean anything
Heterozygous
Since the individual in the problem has two different alleles, she is heterozygous.
Extra:
Homozygous = same allele of a given gene
Heterozygous = different allele of a given gene
A diploid organism has 16 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in a gamete of that organism?
16
32
8
There is not enough information to determine the answer.
8
Extra:
A gamete is a sex cell that forms during the process of meiosis. During Meiosis, a cell undergoes two rounds of cell division during which the chromosome pairs are separated. This results in gametes each having only one copy from each set of chromosomes. This is so when the sperm and egg combine during fertilization, the resulting zygote has 16 total chromosomes (or 8 pairs), 8 from each parent.
A black-furred mouse and a white-furred mouse have 78 offspring. The F1’s are crossed. The F2 generation is comprised of 1,098 mice with black fur and 735 mice with white fur. Can you determine which phenotype is dominant?
White fur it dominant.
Because both fur colors appear in the F2 generation, neither is dominant.
Dominance cannot be determined.
Black fur is dominant.
Black fur is dominant.
The gene Q codes for skin color. A heterozygote has pink skin and a recessive homozygote has yellow skin. When a Qq is crossed with a qq, what are the possible genotypes in the offspring, and what is the frequency of pink skin and yellow skin offspring?
Qq and qq; 50% are pink skin and 50% are yellow skin
Qq and qq; 75% are pink skin and 25% are yellow skin
QQ,Qq, and qq; 70% are pink skin and 30% are yellow skin
QQ, Qq, and qq; 35% are pink skin, 15% are yellow skin, 50% are pink-yellow skin.
Qq and qq; 50% are pink skin and 50% are yellow skin
Which of the following scenarios would result in a monkey zygote containing 47 chromosomes instead of the typical 46 chromosomes?
The chromatid does not separate properly during mitosis.
The chromosomes do not separate properly during meiosis.
This gives improved protein functions to the new organism.
The ovum degrades.
The chromosomes do not separate properly during meiosis.
Which of the following statements is true about monohybrid F1 crosses in Mendelian inheritance?
All of the offspring have lethal genes.
A cross is made between two heterozygous individuals.
A cross is made between two homozygous individuals.
All of the offspring express the recessive trait.
A cross is made between two heterozygous individuals.
Human zygotes contain:
104 chromosomes
12 chromosomes
46 chromosomes
54 chromosomes
46 chromosomes
In an example of Mendelian inheritance, the dominant allele is for black fur and the recessive allele is for white fur. Which of the following statements is correct?
Ff is the only recessive phenotype and white fur is the resulting genotype.
FF and Ff are both genotypes for that would express the phenotype of black fur.
FF and Ff are both genotypes for the homozygous recessive phenotype.
FF is the only dominant phenotype, and black fur is the resulting genotype.
FF and Ff are both genotypes for that would express the phenotype of black fur.
Cystic fibrosis is a homozygous recessive condition. A genetic counselor should advise concerned potential parents that, if they are both carriers, the probability of their child having cystic fibrosis is ________.
25%
100%
75%
15%
25%
