Gastrointestinal System Flashcards
Which of the following correctly pairs structure and function?
duodenum / reabsorption of water
stomach / chemical digestion
mouth / nutrient absorption
colon / absorption of glucose
stomach / chemical digestion
Of the following organs, which has both endocrine and digestive functions?
Duodenum
Gallbladder
Colon
Pancreas
Pancreas
The term _________________ refers to the contraction of smooth muscle in the digestive system that moves food along the GI tract.
retroperistalsis
peristalsis
segmentation
vasoconstriction
Peristalsis
Which of the following is not part of the small intestine?
Ileum
Colon
Jejunum
Duodenum
Colon
Which of the following statements is true about protein digestion?
The majority of mechanical protein digestion occurs in the stomach.
Absorption of protein occurs primarily in the small intestine.
Chemical digestion of protein initially occurs in the mouth.
The majority of protein absorption occurs in the large intestine.
Absorption of protein occurs primarily in the small intestine.
Which of the following statements regarding digestion is false?
The presence of fiber in the esophagus promotes peristalsis.
Villi and microvilli increase surface area for absorption.
The hormone glucagon is secreted from the pancreas and stimulates mechanical digestion.
The pancreas secretes the hormone insulin to regulate blood sugar levels.
The hormone glucagon is secreted from the pancreas and stimulates mechanical digestion.
Gastric reflux occurs as a result of an improper closing of the ________________.
pyloric sphincter
lower esophageal sphincter
epiglottis
Upper esophageal sphincter
lower esophageal sphincter
If villi in the small intestine were to become damaged, which of the following would likely occur?
Gastric reflux disease would result due to the increased production of stomach acid.
Malnutrition would result due to a decreased ability to absorb nutrients.
Segmentation of the stomach would be negatively affected leading to reduced digestion.
A reduced ability to breakdown fat due to the inability of villi to secrete bile.
Malnutrition would result due to a decreased ability to absorb nutrients.
The ______________ is an extension off of the large intestine that is often referred to as a vestigial organ.
spleen
cecum
gall bladder
appendix
appendix
In the digestive system, bile is manufactured by the ______________ and stored in the ______________.
liver; gallbladder
gallbladder; stomach
gallbladder; liver
stomach; gallbladder
liver; gallbladder
The majority of nutrient absorption occurs in the _________________.
large intestine
pancreas
small intestine
liver
small intestine
The function of the pyloric sphincter is to ______________.
prevent reflux of digestive juices into the esophagus
produce chyme
control the entry of food into the duodenum
release stomach enzymes
control the entry of food into the duodenum
In the digestive system, the function of the ____________ is to ______________.
liver; secrete insulin for glucose uptake.
gall bladder; secrete lipase for fat emulsification
stomach; secrete pepsinogen for protein digestion
pancreas; secrete bile for starch digestion
stomach; secrete pepsinogen for protein digestion
The primary function of _____________ is _____________________.
Chyme; carbohydrate breakdown in the mouth
Saliva; protein breakdown in the mouth
bile; fat emulsification in the small intestine
Amylase; fat breakdown in the stomach
bile; fat emulsification in the small intestine
The folds that make up the shape of the villi and microvilli:
Increase enzyme secretions due to greater surface area.
Create a barrier to block absorption of fats.
Help push food along the intestinal tract.
Facilitate absorption due to an increased surface area.
Facilitate absorption due to an increased surface area.
