Endocrine System

Question 1

Which of the following is true of the function of endocrine system?

Endocrine glands deliver chemical signals directly to the target site
Chemical signals are transported via lymphatic system
It controls body activities through neurotransmitters
It coordinates body processes through hormones

Answer 1

It coordinates body processes through hormones

Question 2

Overproduction of thyroid hormone due to a malfunction of the negative feedback loop would result in which of the following conditions?

Cushing syndrome
Hypercalcemia
Gigantism
Hyperthyroidism

Answer 2

Hyperthyroidism

Question 3

Which of the following statements is not true regarding hormones and their target sites?

Testosterone is produced by the testes and adrenal glands.
The Luteinizing hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary gland to stimulate ovulation and production of testosterone.
The anterior pituitary gland produces a follicle-stimulating hormone to stimulate the development of follicles in females and the production of sperm in males.
Estrogen and progesterone are produced by the ovaries.

Answer 3

The Luteinizing hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary gland to stimulate ovulation and production of testosterone.

Question 4

Which of the following hormones is responsible for increasing calcium levels in the blood by stimulating bone resorption?

Luteinizing hormone
Thyroid hormone
Parathyroid hormone
Insulin

Answer 4

Parathyroid hormone

Question 5

Which of the following is true about hormones?

Failure of the pituitary gland to produce thyroid-stimulating hormone can result in hyperthyroidism.
Overproduction of growth hormone can lead to dwarfism.
Excessive production of cortisol in the adrenal glands can lead to low levels of sodium in the blood.
Lack or insufficiency of insulin produced by the pancreas can lead to diabetes.

Answer 5

Lack or insufficiency of insulin produced by the pancreas can lead to diabetes.

Question 6

The adrenal glands, which are primarily responsible for producing the hormones cortisol and aldosterone, are located where?

Sphenoid bone of the skull
Anterior to the larynx
At the back of the thyroid
On top of each kidney

Answer 6

On top of each kidney

Question 7

Melatonin is the hormone that regulates sleep-and-wake rhythm. Which of the following endocrine glands is responsible for producing melatonin?

Pituitary
Pineal
Adrenal
Hypothalamus

Answer 7

Pineal

Question 8

Which of the following endocrine glands has an exocrine function that aids in regulating levels of glucose in the blood?

Pineal
Hypothalamus
Pancreas
Adrenal

Answer 8

Pancreas

Question 9

Which of the following endocrine glands is not correctly paired with the hormone it produces?

Pineal/ melatonin
Ovary/ follicle-stimulating hormone
Pituitary/ growth hormone
Pancreas/ insulin

Answer 9

Ovary/ follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 10

Which of the following is true of insulin and glucagon?

Insulin and glucagon regulate the level of calcium in the blood.
Secretion of insulin and glucagon is regulated by the pituitary gland.
Insulin and glucagon maintain normal levels of blood glucose in the fasting state.
Insulin and glucagon have opposite effects on blood glucose but work together to maintain homeostasis.

Answer 10

Insulin and glucagon have opposite effects on blood glucose but work together to maintain homeostasis.

Question 11

The response elicited by signals coming from endocrine glands is characterized by which of the following?

Slow initiation, prolonged duration of response
Slow initiation, short duration of response
Quick initiation, prolonged duration of response
Quick initiation, short duration of response

Answer 11

Slow initiation, prolonged duration of response

Question 12

Which of the following are chemical signals that are secreted by endocrine glands and travel via circulation to their target organs?

Neurotransmitters
Cytokines
Interleukins
Hormones

Answer 12

Hormones

Question 13

Type 1 diabetes is an endocrine disorder characterized by the absence of which of the following hormones?

Thyroxine
Glucagon
Insulin
Aldosterone

Answer 13

Insulin

Question 14

Which of the following involves positive feedback?

An elevated level of T3 inhibits release of TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone)
Stimulation of stretching of the cervix and uterine contractions by oxytocin
Secretion of insulin and glucagon in response to the level of blood glucose
Control of calcium levels in the blood by parathyroid hormone

Answer 14

Stimulation of stretching of the cervix and uterine contractions by oxytocin

Question 15

Which of the following hormones is not correctly paired with its function?

Growth hormone/ stimulates growth of tissues
Insulin/ decreases blood glucose level
Melatonin/ regulation of sleep-wake cycle
Follicle-stimulating hormone/ stimulates ovulation and production of testosterone

Answer 15

Follicle-stimulating hormone/ stimulates ovulation and production of testosterone

Question 16

Which of the following endocrine glands produces insulin?

Pancreas
Pituitary
Thyroid
Adrenal

Answer 16

Pancreas

Question 17

Which of the following functions as an integration center between the endocrine and nervous systems?

Pituitary
Hypothalamus
Pineal
Thyroid

Answer 17

Hypothalamus

Question 18

Which of the following is the result of deficient production of thyrotropin-releasing hormone?

The pituitary gland will produce excessive amounts of thyroid-stimulating hormone
The thyroid gland will produce an insufficient amount of thyroid hormones
The parathyroid gland will be stimulated to overproduce parathyroid hormone
There will be insufficient production of growth hormone

Answer 18

The thyroid gland will produce an insufficient amount of thyroid hormones

Question 19

Which of the following hormones stimulates cervical stretching and uterine contraction during childbirth?

Thyroid
Oxytocin
Glucagon
Follicle-stimulating hormone

Answer 19

Oxytocin

Question 20

________ is the mechanism of glandular secretion in which stimulation results in continuous production of a hormone above the normal level.

Homeostasis
Positive feedback
Thermoregulation
Negative feedback

Answer 20

Positive feedback

Question 21

Which of the following occurs when a person is in a stressful condition?

Constriction of blood vessels in the skeletal muscles
Uptake of glucose by the liver, muscles and adipose tissues
Mobilization of glucose from the liver into the bloodstream
Dilation of blood vessels in the digestive system

Answer 21

Mobilization of glucose from the liver into the bloodstream

Question 22

Which of the following is an example of the positive feedback mechanism?

Excessive production of thyrotropin-releasing hormone(TRH) stimulates thyroid to produce more thyroid hormones
Production of insulin and glucagon in response to changes in blood glucose levels
During childbirth, oxytocin causes uterine contraction which stimulates the posterior pituitary gland to produce more oxytocin
The hypothalamus releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH) when blood osmolarity increases

Answer 22

During childbirth, oxytocin causes uterine contraction which stimulates the posterior pituitary gland to produce more oxytocin

Question 23

Which of the following illustrates a negative feedback mechanism?

Release of thyrotropin releasing hormone(TRH) in response to high levels of thyroid hormones
Production of oxytocin during childbirth which causes stretching of the cervix and uterine contraction
Release of insulin in response to a decrease in blood glucose
Release of glucagon in response to a decrease in blood glucose

Answer 23

Release of glucagon in response to a decrease in blood glucose