memory pt 2

Question 1

anterograde amnesia

Answer 1

inability to acquire new memories

- global anterograde amnesia, impairment in the ability to form new memories across a variety of areas

Question 2

retrograde amnesia

Answer 2

inability to access old memories

may be incomplete

Question 3

time dependant retrograde amnesia

Answer 3

commonly produced by traumatic brain injury

severity of injury determines how far back amnesia extends

Question 4

system consolidation theory

Answer 4

hippocampus consolidates memories and holds then sends to be stored elsewhere

• accounts for preservation of old memories
• the more damage the more old memories lost

Question 5

multiple trace theory

Answer 5

3 kinds of memory: autobiographic, factual semantic, general semantic
- each type dependant on diff brain area, old memories more resistant to amnesia b/c change location in brain as recalled

Question 6

reconsolidation theory

Answer 6

memories rarely consist of single trace or neural substrate
each time memory used it is reconsolidated, reenters labile phase when recalled and stored as new memory
results in many different traces for same event

Question 7

patient h.m

Answer 7

bilateral transection of temporal lobe for epilepsy management, left with anterograde amnesia
- could remember events before surgery

Question 8

early hippocampal damage

Answer 8

inability to remember familiar surroundings or where object is located, appointments or events, daily activities
but can remember factual knowledge, how to read/write/speak

Question 9

damage to neural connections to hippocampus

Answer 9

fimbria fornix: retro/anterograde amnesia
temporal lobe: contributes to amnesia
posterior neocortex and temporal lobe

Question 10

four conclusions of hippocampus

Answer 10

anterograde deficits more sever than retrograde
episodic memories more affected than semantic
autobiographic memory severly affected
time travel is diminished

Question 11

herpes simplex encephalitis

Answer 11

medial temporal lobe damage leads to anterograde amneisa

damage to insula contributes to retrograde amnesia

Question 12

alzheimers

Answer 12

cellular change in medial temporal cortex and anterograde amnesia
damage to temporalassociation and frontal cortical areas related to retrograde amnesia

Question 13

korsakoff syndrome

Answer 13

antero/retrograde amnesia, confabulation, meager content, lack of insight, apathy

• caused by thiamine deficiency resulting from alcohol
  damage: medial thalamus, mammilary bodies of hypothalamus, frontal lobe atrohpy

Question 14

psychogenic amnesia

Answer 14

infantile amnesia, sleep amnesia, dissociative states, multiple personality and simulated amnesia

Question 15

asperger syndrome

Answer 15

autism in which individual has high intellectual function and excellent memory abilities

Question 16

savant

Answer 16

person with intellectual disability but special ability in math memory or music

Question 17

highly superior autobiographical memory

Answer 17

incredible memory ability, can recall events in their lives completely