Ef part 2

Question 1

milners main observations

Answer 1

relevance of FEF in saccade suppresion/correction
cell activation before eye movement
activation of FL areas in atypical associations
role of FL in spatial/non spatial learning tasks (memory)
role of FL in utilization of external cues in behavioral guidance
FL association to temporal organization of behavior

Question 2

fuster: temporal organization of behavior

Answer 2

1. visual
2. superior frontal
3. fusiform
4. motor
5. inferior/middle frontal, inferior/superior temporal

Question 3

miller and cohen: PFC as a maintenance and biasing system “topdown control”

Answer 3

PFC main functions are to bias competitive inputs int he benefit of the generation of patterns of goal oriented behavior
protects fragile representations from interference of distracitons
task relevant operaitons
inhibits inapropriate

Question 4

how did miller and cohen test

Answer 4

stroop test- modeling neural nodes
strongest associaitons between stimulus, word and reading
PFC has to bias response that isnt as strong

Question 5

brain areas that bias

Answer 5

1. posterior DLPFC: bias task relevant processes 9/46
2. mid-DLPFC: bias taks relevant representations
3. posterior dorsal ACC: select information that should guide responding
4. anterior dorsal ACC: evaluate the response

Question 6

working memory

Answer 6

representations in PFC organized by process rather than material type
dual taksing and manipulation of information engaged less frontal areas
updating and ordering engaged more FL

Question 7

distribured networks

Answer 7

EF- working memory is distributed across whole brain

- all types of info

Question 8

development of PFC

Answer 8

bigger does not equal better or smarter

• gained complexity and reach maturity later in life
• myelinazation, gray matter changes, synaptogenesis

Question 9

cognitive maturation and PFC

Answer 9

shared networks at early stages in development and subsequent fractionation
ACC earlier, then orbital then dorsolateral

Question 10

role of inhibition in EF development

Answer 10

increased inhibition as a sign of enhanced voluntary attention
language serves as a maintenance function for self-regulation through social interaction

Question 11

philip zelazo problem solving approach

Answer 11

problem representation: consider what task is asking from you
planning
execution
evaluation

Question 12

developmental trajectories

Answer 12

inverted U–>

lost in elderly/seniors, not as much info on work force

Question 13

within group variability

Answer 13

larger within group variability in middle adult hood

Question 14

observable complex executive behaviors

Answer 14

behavioral: attentional control
inhibiting/updating/shifting: cognitive processing
rsfMRI: physiology
DTI: structures and networks
environmental influences and interactions
emotional regulation, genes

Question 15

interact

Answer 15

integrative neurophysiological theory of executive related abilities and component transactions
- executive functions emerge as outcomes of multiple interacitons b/w cognitive and emotional processes
guided behavior