language 1

Question 1

perisylvian language arc

Answer 1

auditory nerves (VIII) pons, A1 (heschels/broadmans 41), A2 (wernickes, 22), acruate fasiculus, Brocas (44), motor areas (face and speech)

Question 2

damage to auditory aparatus, auditory nerve or heschels gyrus

Answer 2

hearing loss/ deafness or cortical deafness

Question 3

damage to wernickes area - simple

Answer 3

langauge comprehension (perceptive language problems)

Question 4

damage to brocas area - simple

Answer 4

language production problems

Question 5

acruate fasiculus

Answer 5

conductive aphasia, repitition difficulties

Question 6

4 core skills of language

Answer 6

categorization: qualities go to certain concepts to make percepts so we can retrieve info later
labeling categories: attach words to diff concepts to help stimulate words about concept
sequencing behavior: order of speech delivery, left hemisphere helps to order vocal movements
mimicry:fosters language developement in infants

Question 7

wernicke geschwind model

Answer 7

1. comprehension extracted from sounds in wernickes
2. passed over to arcuate fasiculus
3. to brocas area to be articulated as speech

Question 8

dual language pathway

Answer 8

dorsal- connects wernickes with dorsal aspects of brocas, important for regulation of phenomes
ventral- connects wernickes with ventral aspects of brocas and temporal areas to other areas of frontal lobe (semantics)

Question 9

transcranial magnetic stimulation uses

Answer 9

interferes with speech and neuronal function
primes nuerons to enhance reaction times
evaluates connections b/w brain regions
used to map speech regions in brain

Question 10

classic view of localization of language

left: verbal right: non verbal

Answer 10

left: parts/details, learned information, explicit language and grammar/syntax
right: global/hollistic, novel information, implicit language, complex understanding

Question 11

nouns in the brain

Answer 11

21, 37, 20

Question 12

subcortical structures and language

Answer 12

basal ganglia, thalamus - pulvinar and ventrolateral, cerebellum

Question 13

disorders of language

Answer 13

aphasia: was established but person lost ability to communicate
agraphia: lose capacity to communicate with written language
alexia: lose capacity to read
apraxia: difficulty with production of speech
anomia: recalling names
agrammitism: lose acces to knowledge of grammar rules

Question 14

what are aphasias

Answer 14

partial or total loss of ability to articulate ideas or comprehend spoken or written language resulting from damage to brain

Question 15

3 types of aphasias

Answer 15

fluent: wernickes/conduction fluent speech but difficulties in comprehension or repitition
nonfluent: brocas difficulty articulating but good comprehension
global: difficulties producing and understanding speech

Question 16

clinical manifestations of wernickes aphasia

Answer 16

disturbance in auditory comprehension but still have fluent speech (word salad) –> unable to match print to sound
disturbance in representation of sound structures of words

Question 17

clinical manifestations of brocas aphasia

Answer 17

major disturbances in speech production but can still understand/ comprehend
disturbance in speech planning/production

Question 18

clnical manifestation of conduction aphasia

Answer 18

disturbance of repetition and spontaneous speech, most able to speak easily, name objects and understand
disturbance in connection b/w sound patterns of words and speech production

Question 19

psycholinguistic approach to the aphasias

Answer 19

• determine location of language processors

- deficit defined in terms of language processing components

Question 20

acquired dyslexia

Answer 20

reading impairment after brain damage

developmental: failure to learn during devleopment