attention and memory

Question 1

from attention to LTM

Answer 1

sensory memory –> (transferred) short term memory –> (transferred) long term memory

Question 2

mirskys model of attention

Answer 2

focus: ability to select target info from an array for enhanced processing
sustain: capctiy to maintain focus and alertness over time
shift: ability to change attentive focus in a flexible and adaptive manner

Question 3

petersen and posner network of attention

Answer 3

attention system is anatomically seperate from sensory systems that process incoming info and produce behaviors

• not a single process but networks of distribution
• form 3 distinct networks that each represent different set of attentional processes (alerting, orienting, dual executive)

Question 4

alerting system

Answer 4

RAS in midbrain maintains alertness

• adrenergic oprojections from locus coeuruleus
• speeds up reacitons
• suppresses other cerebral processing
• increases activity in ACC

Question 5

function/modulator

Answer 5

orient: acetylcholine
alert: norepinepherine
executive attention: dopamine

Question 6

self-control and attention

Answer 6

• humans are capable of voluntarily controlling cognition/emotion
• self control correlates with enhanced activivation in LPFC and cingulate regions
• doesnt develop until 3-4 years

Question 7

sensory modality based memory

Answer 7

auditory, visual, tactile, guastative, olfactive

Question 8

content based model of memory

Answer 8

memory for faces, objects, names, spatial memory, autobiographical memory

Question 9

time based model of memory

Answer 9

past (retrograde)
present (anterograde)
future (prospective)

Question 10

storage capactiy based model of memory

Answer 10

sensory, short term (working), long term

Question 11

sensory memory input

Answer 11

visual –> iconic store
auditory –> echoic store
other senses–> gustative, olfactory and tactile

Question 12

short term memory

Answer 12

limited space
relay station –> send chunks of data to LTM and uses chunks right away and forgets, uses chunks and saves for future use

Question 13

working memory

Answer 13

executive control, retaining of information, maintenance rehersal, elaborative rehersal, chunking and forgetting

Question 14

long term memory

Answer 14

unlimited capcity, explicit: semantic or episodic, implicit: non declarative, emotional

Question 15

explicit memory

Answer 15

semantic: all nonautibiographical knowledge (about world)
does not depend on mt lobe or vpf lobe that episodeic does
- petri and mishkin: temporal frontal lobe neural basis

Question 16

hippocampal anatomy

Answer 16

dendate gyrus, stellate granule “sensory” cells
amnons horn: pyramidal cells into 4 groups, CA1, CA2, CA3, CA4 “motor cells”
perforant path: hoppocampus and Posterior temporal cortex
fimbria fornix: connects hippocampus to thalamus, prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia and hypothalamus

Question 17

neural correlates of explicit memory

Answer 17

encoding: L PFC, acquisition of information
retrieval: R PFC, recall of information

Question 18

implicit memroy

Answer 18

petri and mishkin: circuit for implicit memory was whole cortex and basal ganglia
reber: not supported by discrete neural circuits, reflects plastic changes in the brain