history of neuropsych

Question 1

what is the cardiac vs brain hypothesis

Answer 1

empedocles: the heart is the seat of our mind
alcmaeon: the brain is the seat of our mind

Question 2

what is aristotles theory of behavior

Answer 2

we are born with a clean slate (tabula rasa) and we acquire knoweldge through experience

• theory of the psyche or mentalism
• believed mind and body were two independant entities

Question 3

Herophilus

Answer 3

firt human dissector

associated ventricles as the place where the soul lives

Question 4

eristratus

Answer 4

thought that air might be getting transofmred when we take it in the vital spirit
air –> vital spirit–> animal spirit–> action

Question 5

galen

Answer 5

mind and brain associatoin vs aristotles view

- theory of personality

Question 6

descartes theory

Answer 6

dualism: mind and body are seperate but interact
- thought animals and children were machinelike
- gaseous animal spirits (de homine)
- the soul resides in the pineal gland because it didnt have bilateral symmetry and close to ventricles

Question 7

Isaac newtown

Answer 7

realized animals had electrical spirits

Question 8

stephen gray

Answer 8

shocked the feet of children to see if they conducted electricity

Question 9

luigi galvani

Answer 9

thought that electricity was intrinsic to our bodies

Question 10

alessandro volta

Answer 10

believed electricity to be extrinsic to body (came form outside) and we could process it and store

Question 11

alexander von humboldt

Answer 11

thought there may be both intrinsic and extrinsic electricity

Question 12

luigi ronaldo

Answer 12

thought we could store energy in the brain

- concluded that cerebellum was voltaic pile due to its realtionship with brainstem in keeping us awake

Question 13

materialism

Answer 13

Charles darwin and Alfred Russel wallace

• common descent of NS
• the body produces the mind, and we have a lot in common with animals

Question 14

phrenology

Answer 14

franz joseph Gall and Suprzheim

- idea that bumps and impressions of skull represent areas of brain

Question 15

what did phrenology contribute

Answer 15

localization of function:

• dissected cortico-spinal tract and discovered contralaterallity and corpus callosum
• werent accurate but in pursuit they made other discoveries

Question 16

antilocalization

Answer 16

pierre fluorens thought brain worked as a singel unit and not individual molecules

Question 17

Jean baptiste bouillaud

Answer 17

had patients with damage to left hemisphere that had trouble with communication of language

Question 18

Paul Broca contribution to localization of language

Answer 18

overheard Auburtin and Gratiolet in antropological society and heard about damage to left hemisphere –> language communication deficits
- collected cases and proved theory of Brocas are

Question 19

Carl Wernicke

Answer 19

discovered network involved in processing of reading and visual language

alexia: word blindness
apraxia: unable to produce motor actions

Question 20

John HUghligns jackson

Answer 20

discovered functional hierarchy: spinal cord, brainstem, forebrain

Question 21

what is the binding problem

Answer 21

if the brain is specialized how is it able to communicate so quickly
- continuous binding interaction between conscious and unconscious perception in production of outcome actions

Question 22

what happened when bogen and vogel performed callosotomys (Roger & sperry studies)

Answer 22

cut corpus collosum- the patients were unable to use language to tell researcher what they are smelling but when they asked to chose they could successfully pick out rose

• could process but couldnt label
• split brain studies

Question 23

LURIA unit 1

Answer 23

Brainstem: reticulator activating system, tone and arousal

- keeps us awake

Question 24

LURIA UNIT 2

Answer 24

sensory unit: occipital, parietal and temporal lobes

- reception, analysis and storage of information

Question 25

LURIA UNIT 3

Answer 25

motor unit: frontal lobes, programming, regulating and verifying conscious activity

Question 26

unit 2 and 3 LURIA processing

Answer 26

unit 2: primary: perceive color –> secondary: integrate shape –> teriary: decide its apple and decide to eat
unit 3: teritry: plan how do i get there –> secondary: program where actions are already set–> primary: execute, cell bodies activate CS tract to move legs

Question 27

contributions to neuropsych from other disciplines

Answer 27

educational psychology, cognitive/experimental psychology, neuroimaging, social psych
bio-psycho-social