memory 2 Flashcards
what does the serial position curve show?
the relationship between the position of a word in a list, and the correct proportion recalled
what is primacy interpreted as?
rehersal
what is recency intepreted as?
short term store
who proposed the multi store model of memory?
Atkinson and Shiffrin
why is rehersal not necessary?
serial position curve is not at 0, even for unrehersed items
why is rehersal not sufficent?
doesn’t always work- depends on maintenance and elaborative rehersal
what is the problem with a unitary STS?
deficits to LTM aren’t as devestating as we would expect
Baddeley and Hitch stimulate STM deficits using tasks which should fill STM- when performing a secondary task, these were impaired but not devestated
who proposed the working memory model?
Baddeley and Hitch
is the STM better for verbal or visuosptial materials?
better for visuospatial
(but if both visuospatial interfere with each other)
what does the central executive do?
monitors incoming data
co ordinates the subsystems
limited capacity
doesn’t store information
what does the phonological loop do?
processes information in terms of sound
coded acoustically
what is the phonological loop divided into?
phonological store
articulatory process
what is the phonological store?
stores the words you hear
what is the articulatory process?
where maintenance rehersal occurs
what is the visuospatial sketchpad?
processes visual and spatial information
what is the visuospatial sketchpad divided into?
visual cache
inner scribe
what does the visual cache do?
stores visual data
what does the inner scribe do?
records how objects are arranged in a visual field
what is the episodic buffer?
temporary information store
integrates visual/spatial/verbal information
maintains a sense of time sequencing
which 3 pieces of information provide evidence for a phonological loop?
phonological similarity effect
irrelevant speech effect
word length effect
what is the phonological similarity effect?
poor recall of word lists where items sound similar even when items are presented visually
suggests items are encoded according to how they sound
what is the irrelevant speech effect?
recall is impaired by simultaneous speech
suggests involuntary phonological encoding?
what is the word length effect?
poorer performance for longer than shorter words
spans are longer for faster speakers
suggests subvocal rehersal is like vocal rehersal
which part of the working memory model is not yet fully understood?
central executive
where does chunking occur?
in the episodic buffer
what does the Hedonic Detector deal with?
emotional information
what are three alternatives to the working memory model?
embedded processes model
simple model
individual differences approach
what is the embedded processes model?
do not need to distinguish between STM and LTM, STM is just the currently activated version of the LTM
what is the SIMPLE model?
mathematical model based on temporal discriminability, applies to both STM and LTM
what is the individual differences approach?
focus on individual differences in working memory capacity
can be separated into primary and secondary memory
