cognition and emotion 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the cognition emotion debate?

A

seeing whether affect requires cognition

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2
Q

how can we argue affect doesn’t require cognition?

A

separate systems
cognitive processes unnecessary to produce an effective response to a stimulus
emotion precedes cognition

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3
Q

how does the mere exposure effect support evidence against the cognition emotion debate?

A

presented images subconsciously to participants
had to make preference judgements to seen stimuli above new stimuli
gave higher liking ratings to previously ‘seen’ stimuli
suggests an emotional response despite no cognitive processing

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4
Q

how does a priming experiment support evidence against the cognition emotion debate?

A

shown a prime stimulus for 4ms/1s/no prime

then shown a second stimulus (Chinese symbol)

rated likeability

ratings of likeability were influenced by affective/emotional primes

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5
Q

what evidence supports the idea that affect requires cognition?

A

participants were shown anxiety evoking films

shown with no soundtrack/trauma narrative/denial narrative/scientific narrative

measured arousal via pulse whilst viewing

denial and scientific narratives resulted in the least anxiety

so manipulating appraisals influenced the emotional experience

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6
Q

what are cognitive appraisals?

A

intepretation of a situation that helps detemine the nature and intensity of the emotional response

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7
Q

what is the order of cognitive appraisals?

A

primary appraisal
secondary appraisal
reappraisal

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8
Q

what is a primary appraisal?

A

identifying the stimulus/situation to see if there is a threat to personal wellbeing

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9
Q

what is secondary appraisal?

A

see what personal resources we have to cope with the situation

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10
Q

what are reappraisals?

A

monitoring primary and secondary appraisals, and modify if necessary

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11
Q

who proposed the 6 appraisal components?

A

Smith and Lazarus

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12
Q

what are the 6 appraisal components?

A

motivational relevance
motivational congruence
accountability
problem focused coping potential
emotion focused coping potential
future expectancy

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13
Q

what are the two primary appraisals?

A

motivational relevance
motivational congruence

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14
Q

what are the four secondary appraisals?

A

accountability
problem focused coping potential
emotion focused coping potential
future expectancy

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15
Q

what is motivational relevance?

A

how it relates to personal commitments

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16
Q

what is motivational congruence?

A

how something is consistent with goals

17
Q

what is accountability?

A

who deserves the credit/blame

18
Q

what is problem focused coping potential?

A

can the situation be resolved

19
Q

what is emotion focused coping potential?

A

can the situation be handled psychologically

20
Q

what is future expectancy?

A

how likely is it that the situation will change

21
Q

what are two types of cognitive biases?

A

attention bias
interpretative bias

22
Q

what is attention bias?

A

selective attention to emotionally related stimuli presented at the same time as neutral ones

23
Q

what is interpretative bias?

A

tendency to interpret a situation or ambiguous stimuli in a negative way

24
Q

what happens in the stroop test?

A

measures attention to word meanings by looking at how the word meaning interferes with colour meaning?

25
what happens on the normal stroop?
shown the names of colours in congruent or incongruent ink, and asked to report the colour of the ink
26
what happens on the emotional stroop?
shown emotional and neutral words in different colour inks asked to name the colour of the ink high anxiety participants show larger interference on the emotional stroop
27
what happened in the emotional stroop and faces?
instead of emotional words, use coloured faces expressing emotions presented angry and neutral coloured faces had to ignore the face itself and name its colour colour naming was slower for angry faces- captures attention
28
what happens in the dot probe task?
emotional and neutral information presented side by side to anxious patients and controls examined speed of responses when dot presented in a location previously occupied by neutral or emotional stimuli faster for neutral, but reverse true for anxious patients (allocate attention to threat)
29
what happened in interpretative bias?
homonym task= presented homophones auditorily participants had to write down the words high trait anxiety patients wrote more threat related spellings
30
what happened in the priming lexical decision task?
if prime and word are related in meaning, resulted in a faster response greater priming effect for target words related in meaning to the negative intepretation of the prime for high anxiety participants intepretative bias show by high anxiety participants
31
how do we detect emotional expressions?
faces have priority for detection compared to non-face
32
what happened in the visual search paradigm?
search display has targets and distracters had to search for a target and respond whether it is present measured reaction time and accuracy varied the size of the search display/added more distractors
33
what is target popout for the visual search paradigm?
if detection times for target vary as a function of set size= serial= search for one target at a time and stops when target is found if detection times for target don't vary as a function of set size= parallel= target pop out
34
why is it important to detect threatening faces?
evolutionary adaptive for us to detect threat quickly and automatically visual threat related stimuli should be detected faster than non-threatening stimuli
35
what is the face in the crowd effect?
if detection of threat is fast/automatic, we may expect threatening objects to be rapidly detected in cluttered scenes
36
how was the face in the crowd effect investigated?
showed participants a grid of 9 faces showed angry, happy or neutral expressions suggested to be an anger superiority effect less time to locate angry face amongst happy than vice versa suggests angry faces 'pop out'- however this could be due to these stimuli themselves rather than in general