attention 2 Flashcards
who proposed leakage?
Treisman
what is leakage?
information from the irrelevant channel can leak through the filter, and activate concepts in long term memory
what is slippage?
if attention isn’t properly focused, attention slips to the irrelevant channel
what did Latcher et al say about slippage?
no control for slippage
primes can increase speed of responses for subsequent stimuli
what happened in Latcher et al’s experiment?
briefly presented stimuli in the irrelevant location (so attention couldn’t be shifted)
investigated the effect of priming
had to press a button depending on whether it was a word or psuedo word
responses were faster if prime and target matched
what happened in Conway’s own name effect?
participants with a high working memory capacity were less likely to notice their own name in the irrelevant channel
what happened in slippage- channel switching?
when information didn’t make sense in the channel participants were told to attend to, participants began to pay attention to the irrelevant channel
what happened in slippage- electric shock conditioning?
skin conductance changes in subjects who attended to the irrelevant channel
what happened in slippage-auditory attention- Kouider’s experiment?
trained participants with auditory stimuli during the day
LH response if a word was an animal
RH response if a word was a man-made object
when participants went to sleep, they were presented with previously untrained words
EEG responses showed participants responded in their sleep, showing they must have understood word meaning
what is the conclusion for slippage?
identification without attention in auditory domain
no identification without attention in visual domain
what is spillover?
if the relevant channel needs less attention than is available, attention spills over to the irrelevant channel
what are Lavie’s two main assumptions for attention?
late selection= perceptual processing is automatic
early selection= perceptual capacity is limited
known as a hybrid theory, but more focused on early selection
what happened in Lavie and Cox’s experiment for attention?
had to detect the target letter in the circle
this contained a flanking distractor letter
compatible trials= target and flanker identical
incompatible trials= target and flanker different
what did Lavie and Cox both conclude about attention?
stronger compatibility effect in easier condition
high perceptual load= information in irrelevant channel not identified
low perceptual load= information in the irrelevant channel identified
what are the similarities/differences between Latcher and Lavie in attention?
both= no focus without attention
Latcher- processing of irrelevant channel avoidable
Lavie- processing of irrelevant channel unavoidable
