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Neuroantomy > Memory > Flashcards

Memory Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 categories of memory?

A

qualitative (types of memory)

temporal (stage/time of memory)

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2
Q

what are the 3 stages of memory?

A

immediate- working memory- longterm memory

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3
Q

what stage of memory can you forget?

A

all stages (immediate, working, longterm memory)

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4
Q

what brain areas does the first stage of memory?

A

brainstem activating systems
frontotemporal association networks

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5
Q

what brain areas are for attention?

A

brainstem activating systems

frontotemporal. association networks

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6
Q

what brain areas are for working memory?

A

frontal association cortex

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7
Q

what brain areas are for consolidation of memory?

A

medial temporal structures (hippocampus)

medial diencephalic structures (thalamus/hypothalamus)

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8
Q

what is our declarative memory?

A

Explicit” memory
* Easily verbalized
* Conscious
* Often can be learned in single exposure (one-trial learning)

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9
Q

what does consolidation do?

A

moves things from your immediate memory into the working memory and long term memory

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10
Q

what happened to H.M after his surgery?

A

he could not make new memories. However, his historical memories were still intact

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11
Q

what was H.Ms single deficit after surgery?

A

Could form non-declarative memories

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12
Q

what deficiency do people with Korsakoff syndrome have?

A

B1 deficiency

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13
Q

what are the 2 important structures for declarative memory consolidation?

A

Midline diencephalic structures

Medial temporal lobe structures (hippocampus

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14
Q

what is the hippocampus primary role?

A

Establishes new declarative memories (inability = anterograde amnesia)

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15
Q

a lesion to what structure causes verbal memory deficits?

A

left diencephalic lesions

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16
Q

a lesion to what structure causes visual-spatial deficits?

A

right diencephalic lesions

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17
Q

a bigger hippocampal volume =

A

better memory

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18
Q

what is retrograde amnesia?

A

loss of memory preceding injury

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19
Q

what Is post traumatic/anterograde amnesia associated with?

A

Increased agitation and restlessness
* Disruption of sleep/wake cycle
* Prolonged periods of sleep
* Disorientation

20
Q

with a TBI what is typically preserved?

A

history memory (i.e family, work)

21
Q

what is one of the earliest and best predictors of outcomes and recovery for someone who has had a TBI?

A

duration of post traumatic amnesia

22
Q

what is declarative memory?

A

things we can declare such as:
-phone #, dates, names
-events (what happened yesterday?
-important information

23
Q

where is declarative memory stored?

A

the storage site is related to the modality in question (ex. trying to remember a visual graph is stored in the visual processing centre, what word mean is stored in wernikes area)

24
Q

what is degradation of memory proportional to?

A

the amount of cortex damaged

25
Q

what is the normal human capacity for meaningless information?

A

~7-9 digits

26
Q

what is important for storage?

A

association.

Capacity of working memory depends upon meaning to the person and amount of associated information that has already been stored (ex. listing pizza places in HRM, Star Trek characters)

27
Q

what also influences memory?

A

motivation and interest

-adult learning principles

28
Q

once we’ve stored our memory, how do we retreive it?

A

retrieving appears to involve the frontal lobes

damage to frontal lobe = difficulty with recall, sometimes accompanied by confabulation

29
Q

what is non declarative memory?

A

“Implicit” memory

  • Difficult to verbalize
  • More unconscious
  • Usually require many
    repetitions (gradual
    learning)

depends. on premotor cortex, basal ganglia, amygdala, cerebellum

30
Q

what are the 4 types of non declarative memory?

A
  1. Procedural Motor Learning
  2. Classical Conditioning
  3. Priming
  4. Operant Conditioning
31
Q

what is classical conditioning?

A

learn to associate two sensory stimuli (ex. Pavlovs dogs)
(ex. smelling coffee makes us more awake)

32
Q

what is priming?

A

Change in the processing of a stimulus due to a previous
encounter with the same or related stimulus…with or without
conscious awareness of the original encounter

ex: After seeing advertisements for a certain food, may be more
likely to ‘crave’ that food

Watching Jaws à more likely to be startled by big fish when
swimming

33
Q

what is operant conditioning?

A

Learn to associate a Stimulus with a Response

ex: when a certain behavior is followed by a reinforcing stimulus
the likelihood of that behavior change
-parenting (ignoring unwanted behaviour)
-social media (likely to post more when you get lots of lies, etc)

34
Q

what structures of the brain are important for storage of implicit memory?

A

The basal ganglia, cerebellum, and pre-frontal cortex are important

  • Damage to these structure interferes with the ability to learn new motor skills
35
Q

How is non-declarative memory retrieved?

A

very similar to declarative (involving frontal lobes)

36
Q

more brain damage=

A

more severe memory impairments

37
Q

what brain structure is particularly vulnerable to anoxic injury?

A

hippocampus

38
Q

what arteries supply the medial temporal lobes and medial thalami?

A

basilar artery and PCA

39
Q

what types of strokes are going to case memory deficits?

A

Posterior cerebral artery, basilar artery strokes

40
Q

what causes degenerative memory loss?

A

Selective disease process to bilateral hippocampal,
temporal & basal forebrain structures

41
Q

what condition causes degenerative memory loss?

A

Alzheimers disease

42
Q

what are examples of multifocal lesions?

A

MS, tumor, Intra-cerebral
hemorrhage, CNS infection

43
Q

what is psychogenic amnesia?

A

NO structural damage to
temporal lobes

44
Q

what are examples of psychogenic amnesia?

A

Dissociation, repression, conversion, malingering

45
Q

fact or fiction: goldfish have bad memories

A

fiction!

Neuroantomy (16 decks)

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