Emotions

Question 1

what ways are emotions expressed?

Answer 1

1. visceral motor system
2. somatic motor system (facial muscles)

Question 2

what are all emotions accompanied by?

Answer 2

subjective experiences

Question 3

what are visceral motor system reactions brought on by?

Answer 3

changes in the activation of the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric components of the visceral motor system

Question 4

sympathetic NS=

Answer 4

fight or flight

Question 5

parasympathetic/enteric NS=

Answer 5

rest and digest

Question 6

what are the 2 mechanisms of control for the somatic motor system?

Answer 6

1. voluntary (classical motor pathway)
2. involuntary/automatic (limbic system)

Question 7

in order to fully express our emotions what do we need?

Answer 7

both voluntary movements of the muscles of the face and involuntary response

Question 8

what are the 2 sources of emotion?

Answer 8

1. physical sensation (sensory drive from muscles and internal organs)
2. cognition (brain telling you to feel a certain way)

Question 9

emotions differ along what 2 dimensions?

Answer 9

intensity (arousal level)

valence (pleasantness or aversive:approach or avoidance)

Question 10

what brain structures are involved in emotion?

Answer 10

hypothalamus
amygdala
limbic system

Question 11

what is the function of the hypothalamus with emotions?

Answer 11

integration of emotion

Question 12

what 2 main target structures connect the hypothalamus?

Answer 12

1. reticular formation
2. anterior pituitary gland

Question 13

what is the reticular formation responsible for?

Answer 13

Responsible for
producing somatic and
visceral responses tied
to emotional states

Question 14

what is the anterior pituitary gland linked to?

Answer 14

endocrine system

Question 15

Hypothalamus is
connected to target
structures that produce
behaviors associated
with what emotion?

Answer 15

anger

Question 16

what prepares the body for physical exertion?

Answer 16

adrenaline and cortisol

Question 17

what is sham rage?

Answer 17

anger with no obvious target/cause

Question 18

what does the amygdala control?

Answer 18

the hypothalamus

Question 19

what is the amygdala?

Answer 19

Group of nuclei (gray matter)

Question 20

where is the amygdala?

Answer 20

anteromedial temporal lobe

Question 21

what does the amygdala do?

Answer 21

Receives and transmits information from diverse cortical areas

Question 22

what are the 3 major subdivisions of the amygdala?

Answer 22

1. Medial group -> olfactory system
2. Basal-lateral group -> cortex
3. Central/anterior group -> hypothalamus

Question 23

what does the basal lateral amygdala
provide?

Answer 23

emotional significance to a stimuli

Question 24

where is the amygdala physically located?

Answer 24

between descending cortical/limbic
systems and hypothalamus.

Question 25

what does the amygdala mediate?

Answer 25

descending control of hypothalamus (and emotional motor response via
hypothalamus).

Question 26

what is the hypothesis about thee limbic system?

Answer 26

Specific brain circuits are devoted to
emotional experience and expression (like the occipital cortex is devoted to vision)

the limbic lobe is the “forebrain” circuit that causes us to feel things

Question 27

for many people, what Side of the face shows more emotion?

Answer 27

left side of the face