Melanoma

Question 0

In a study of 38 dogs w oral melanoma treated w RT + Sx, did tumor stage influence time to local failure?

Answer 0

Yes (in contradiction to Freeman/King study)

Question 1

What % of dogs w oral melanoma treated with RT + Sx die due to metastatic disease?

Answer 1

60%

MST - 8-12 mos

Question 2

In a study of 39 dogs with oral melanoma treated with RT, Sx, and carbo, what was the effect of tumor location and stage on local control, DFI, and MST?

Answer 2

There was none observed.

MST = 12 mos

Question 3

In a study of gross disease treated with RT for oral melanoma in 18 dogs, survival was significantly improved in dogs….

Answer 3

achieving CR
(MST = 8 mos)

Question 4

In a study of 36 dogs with oral melanoma treated with RT, name 2 facts related to CR

Answer 4

1. dogs w smaller tumors were more likely to achieve CR

2. dogs w a CR lived longer

Question 5

In a study of 36 dogs with oral melanoma treated with RT, what size was the cutoff for improved MST. What were the MSTs?

Answer 5

5 cm3
MST 20 mos if < 5 cm3
MST 4-5 mos if > 5 cm3

Question 6

In a study of 140 dogs with oral melanoma using PRT or DRT, list 3 factors related to increase time to first event & survival.

Answer 6

1. tumor location rostral to P4
2. lack of bone lysis
3. microscopic disease
   (# of risk factors & MST: 0=21mos, 1=11mos, 2=5mos, 3=3mos)

Question 7

In a study of 140 dogs with oral melanoma using PRT or DRT, the presence of bone lysis is related to what?

Answer 7

local recurrence

Question 8

In a study of 140 dogs with oral melanoma using PRT or DRT, what was the metastatic rate? What 2 factors were related to metastasis post-RT?

Answer 8

44%

tumor location and volume

Question 9

In a study of 140 dogs with oral melanoma using PRT or DRT, what effect did chemo administration have on development of mets?

Answer 9

none

Question 10

In a study of 140 dogs with oral melanoma using PRT or DRT, what was the difference in survival time/local response/control base on RT fractionation scheme (fractionated vs. hypofractionated)?

Answer 10

none

Question 11

In a study of 28 dogs using PRT for oral melanoma (9 Gy x 4), did chemo have an effect on survival? What was the MST?

Answer 11

No

10 mos

Question 12

Canine oral melanomas stain positive for what 5 things?

Answer 12

Melan A
S100
PNL2
tyrosine
vimentin

Question 13

Canine amelanotic melanomas stain positive for….

Answer 13

Melan A (Sn & Sp for melanoma)
PNL2
TRP-1
TRP-2

Question 14

What percentage of melanomas are amelanotic in dogs?

Answer 14

1/3

Question 15

What marker predicts potentially malignant behavior in canine cutaneous melanoma?

Answer 15

Ki-67

Question 16

In a study of 100 dogs having oral melanoma with LN mets:
What % had mets when local LN enlarged?
What % had enlarged LN but no mets?
What % had mets in normal sizes LN?
Sn/Sp of LN size as predictor of mets?

Answer 16

70%
49%
40%
70%Sn, 51%Sp
(MST = 2 mos w no tx)

Question 17

In canine oral melanoma, what are the RECURRENCE rates following:
mandibulectomy?
maxillectomy?

Answer 17

22%

48%

Question 18

VEGF levels in canine oral melanomas - 3 correlations:

Answer 18

VEGF is higher in melanomas:
decr MST
decr median PFI
incr tx failure

Question 19

COX-2 correlations in canine oral melanoma?

Answer 19

Incr COX-2:

1. decreased MST
2. increased risk of mets

Question 20

In canine oral melanomas, what is the relative COX-2 expression in cutaneous vs. oral ?

Answer 20

cutaneous - low

oral - high

Question 21

Is increased MI a negative prognostic factor in oral melanoma in dogs?

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

What is tyrosinase?

Answer 22

a melanosomal glycoprotein essential in melanin synthesis and is over-expressed in melanosomes. Vaccine is huTyr)

Question 23

Melanoma of the canine lip and tongue have:

1. HIGHER or LOWER metastatic rates?
2. INCREASED or DECREASED MST?

Answer 23

lower
increased
(lip 19 mos, tongue > 18 mos)