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biol 142 > meiosis > Flashcards

meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

karyotype:

A

magnified picture of paired chromosomes

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2
Q

homologous chromosomes:

A

Chromosome pairs that are ALIKE but not identical

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3
Q

sister chromatids

A

DNA duplication results in 2 EXACT and identical chromosome copies

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4
Q

If duplicated chromosomes are like books …

A

-2 dif editions of book (homologous pair)
-2 identical copies of the first edition (1st set of sister chromatids)
-2 identical copies of the second edition (2nd set of sister chromatids)
-Total of 4 copies of the book

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5
Q

meiosis reduces …

A

the # of chromosomes by half

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6
Q

meiosis produces

A

gametes (sex cells) with 23 chromosomes instead of 46

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7
Q

meiosis only occurs in

A

gonads

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8
Q

the 23 chromosomes produced from meiosis are…

A

1 chromosome of each homologous pair

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9
Q

diploids

A

2 different copies of instructions (different from sister chromatids

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10
Q

fertilization

A

sperm (n) and egg (n) fuse to form diploid (2n) zygote (embryo)

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11
Q

meiosis 1:

A

separates homologous pairs (dif book editions)

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12
Q

meiosis 2

A

separates sister chromatids (identical copies of each edition)

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13
Q

cells resulting from meiosis are

A

haploid (n)

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14
Q

meiosis produces ___ gametes

A

4

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15
Q

in meiosis cell divides___ times

A

2

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16
Q

when is DNA copied in meiosis?

A

before meiosis 1

17
Q

how does meiosis increase genetic variation

A

Genes from father are mixed with genes from mother
*New chromosome is not identical to either parent
Increases genetic diversity by increasing gene combinations

18
Q

mistakes in meiosis: nondisjunction

A

-homologous chromosomes do not separate
*Trisomy: extra chromosome
*Monosomy: only 1 chromosome of homologous pair
-Usually fatal

19
Q

in haploid gametes…

A

each gamete has 1 copy of each chromosome

biol 142 (17 decks)

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