medicine booklet 1/4 Flashcards
what was saint Anthony’s disease
caused by fungus growing on rye in damp conditions- made into bread and caused rashes or even death
what percentage of England died from diseases such as Dysentery, typhoid, smallpox and measles
10%
what percent of kids died before age 7
30%
what was a common cure for rheumatism (aching and swelling joints)
wearing a donkey skin
what was a cure for asthma
swallow young frogs
what was a cure for ringworm
wash hair in male urine
what is Bald’s Leechbook
10th century medical text
what did Hippocrates encourage doctors did with their patients symptoms
recommend to record them
what natural substances did the Greeks use in 400BC
garlic, vinegar and honey
who in 400BC realised that diet, exercise and fresh water was important to good health
Hippocrates
what is the Hippocratic corpus
a collection of over 60 books written by Hippocrates and other greek doctors, noting symptoms, treatments and their effectiveness
what idea did Galen have in 150AB
using opposites to treat illness e.g. fever- too much yellow bile, patient suggested to drink cool liquid and eat cold foods
was Galen greek or romam
roman
was hippocrates greek or roman
greek
Galen was chief physician at which gladiator school
Pergamum
when (roughly) did Galen discover that if the spinal cord was cut, there would be no movement below the cut
150AD
what was one of Galens major discoveries which disproved the common belief that urine was formed in the bladder
that urine was produced in the kidneys
who discovered that arteries carry blood in 150AD
Galen
what did Galens books teach
dissection to better understand the body
how many centuries did Galens theories remain after his death
15 centuries
when was Galens drawing of the heart studied until
the 16th century
what were the 4 humours
blood, phlegm, black bile, yellow bile
what 4 people would treat the sick in medieval times
barber surgeon, apothecary, wise woman, lady of the house
how did a barbers surgeon have to be trained
as an apprentice
what kind of operations did barbers surgeons perform
minor ones, set broken bones and pulled teeth
how many years was the apprenticeship to be an apothecary
7 years
an apothecary would sell simples, what are they
a medicine made of one herb or compounds which were a combo of ingredients
what simple was used to treat smallpox
red rose and bamboo juice
who did wise woman get their skills from
wisdom and skills handed down by family
what were wise woman
were reasonably priced, and usually knew patient, acted as midwives
what was the lady of the house expected to do
provide medical care for her family and workers
what herbal remedy was recommend for headaches
camomile tea and rest on lavender scented pillows
what herbal remedy was recommended for aching joints
ointments made of herbs
why was toothache treated by hot rods in the cavities
because people thought tooth ache was caused by a tooth worm
what were two methods for bleeding people
cupping (slicing a vein), or leeches
up to how many times were some monks bled each day
up to 8 times
what did medieval people think made them ill
god, bad smells(miasma), everyday life, the supernatural, the 4 humours
what two tools were mainly used for diagnosing illnesses
urine charts- doctor would compare and smell or taste it
zodiac charts- showed which body parts linked to astrological sign-would say how to treat
what was John Ardernes success rate in the 14th century
50%
where did John Arderne train as a surgeon
london
when was john arderne born
1307
in which war and for whom did john arderne work
Duke of Gaunt in the 100 years war
what were some of John ardernes painkilling oitments
hemlock, opium and henbane- helped stop need for cauterising
when did Johnarderne write The Practice of Surgery
1350
what did John arderne say in the practice of surgery
have a good bedside manner
talk calmly to patient
trust own judgement, not rely on old hippocrates and galen texts
what religous thing did people do when they were ill
buy indulgences (special prayer) and go on a pilgrimage to special shrines for a cure
what were some pilgramages in engalnd
canterbuty walssingham glastonbury priory at bridlington
how many hospitals were set up by the church in the 12th and 13th centuriees
over 160
what did the church set up in europe where physicians trained using galen and hippocrates texts
university schools of medicine
why did the church limit progress in understanding the human body
church insisted galens work (on disection and involving animals) should be used,
give an example of someone who was arrested for challenging the work of galen
roger bacon, an oxford lecturer who questioned churhcs stance on galen
what was cauterisation replaced by
wine as an antiseptic to clean wounds, and john ardernes pain relieving ointment
what was used as a painkiller
opium
what was the arrow cup
a tool used for removing arrows with less damage
what was the wound man
a diagram produced to help surgeons
who, along with oxford university encouraged scientific enquiry and experiment
Robert Grosseteste and later Bishop of Lincoln
what did Bishop Lanfranc do
constructed a whose and split into 2
one half for ill men
one half for ill women
had clothing and daily food
what were some rules of a hospital in bridgewater in 1215
no lepers, lunatics, contagious diseases, no pregnant women, no sucking infants
when was st bartholomews hospital, London
1123
what did st bartholomews hospital specialise in
treatment of poor, pregnant women
when was st mary of bethlehem hospital
1247
what were churches like
basically care homes to provide warmth, food and rest until you felt better
who were most churches funded by
the church or rich people
who, where and when was St giles hospital set up
in Norwhich by Bishop walter de suffield in 1249
were women allowed in saint giles hospital
nooooooooo
who did the St mary of bethlehem hospital specialise in
'’poor and silly people’’
who was the care in medieval hospitals carried out by
nuns or elderly women
what was the main treatment in the medieval hospitals
main treatment was prayer
how many times did coventries council ban waste disposal in the river sherbourne between 1421 and 1475
9 times
