Medicine and Law theorists/theories Flashcards
What did Candace West explore?
Directives in doctors
What were the 3 features in West’s theory for male doctors?
- “need” statements
- “want/would” statements
- aggressive aggravated directives (i.e “lie down”, “take one”)
What were the 3 features in West’s theory for female doctors?
- co-partnership
- inverse imperatives (i.e “you tell me…”)
- mitigated directives (i.e “maybe avoid…”)
What are the 4 features for the DIM Model?
- History taking
- Physical Examination
- Diagnosis
- Management
What did Herrgard say? Provide an example
Jargon makes the workplace more efficient (i.e during important surgery between surgeons)
What etymology do medical lexis have?
Latin and Greek
What are 2 reasons why medical euphemisms are used?
- To reduce distress factor (i.e passed away, kicked the bucket)1
- To make medical terms better understood
Why are medical acronyms/euphemisms used in private?
- It can be considered inconsiderate and disrespectful
Why do doctors use medical acronyms/euphemisms?
To cope with the intensity of the medical field
Provide an example of a medical acronym/euphemism
“CTD” - circling the drain
“Yellow Submarine” - jaundice
When was the Plain English Campaign created?
1979
What is the Plain English Campaign against?
- Jargon and misleading public information
Where is the Plain English Campaign based?
The UK
What do the Plain English Campaign argue?
Complexity isn’t necessary for avoiding misinterpretation
Provide some examples of French loan words in Law
- Bailiff
- Counsel
- Justice
What is a binomial?
An Anglo-Saxton term and a French term to make Legalese more accessible
Provide an example of a binomial
“fit and proper”
Provide an example of a rhymed/paired phrase
To have and to hold
What is the main argument against Legalese?
It is made to be deliberating alienating
What did David Crystal say in 2010?
Documents must be both generally applicable but also specific to individual circumstances
What is an opening statement?
Summarise main aspects in narrative form
What is a closing statement?
An opportunity to retell an opponents’ arguments and influence the jury
Why are questions used in the courtroom?
Designed to provoke and coerce witnesses
What types of questions are typically used in a courtroom?
Closed questions
Why might lawyers reformulate a response with a different way of phrasing?
To present the statement in an advantageous way
What theory did Simpson and Mayr create?
Presupposition strategies (assumed knowledge)
What are the 7 presupposition strategies?
- Iteratives
- Factives
- Alternative questions
- Change of stative verbs
- Comparatives
- “Wh” type questions
- Definitive referring expressions
What is a definitive referring expression?
When someone refers to a particular person or thing in mind
Provide an example of a change of stative verbs
“Did you continue to threaten her?”
Provide an example of an alternative question
“Were you inside or outside?”
What is a factive?
It asserts truth
What is an iterative? Provide an example
It denotes repeated action (i.e “again”)
What type of sentences does Legalese include?
Complex, multi-clausal sentences
