Medicine and Law theorists/theories

Question 1

What did Candace West explore?

Answer 1

Directives in doctors

Question 2

What were the 3 features in West’s theory for male doctors?

Answer 2

• “need” statements
• “want/would” statements
• aggressive aggravated directives (i.e “lie down”, “take one”)

Question 3

What were the 3 features in West’s theory for female doctors?

Answer 3

• co-partnership
• inverse imperatives (i.e “you tell me…”)
• mitigated directives (i.e “maybe avoid…”)

Question 4

What are the 4 features for the DIM Model?

Answer 4

1. History taking
2. Physical Examination
3. Diagnosis
4. Management

Question 5

What did Herrgard say? Provide an example

Answer 5

Jargon makes the workplace more efficient (i.e during important surgery between surgeons)

Question 6

What etymology do medical lexis have?

Answer 6

Latin and Greek

Question 7

What are 2 reasons why medical euphemisms are used?

Answer 7

• To reduce distress factor (i.e passed away, kicked the bucket)1
• To make medical terms better understood

Question 8

Why are medical acronyms/euphemisms used in private?

Answer 8

• It can be considered inconsiderate and disrespectful

Question 9

Why do doctors use medical acronyms/euphemisms?

Answer 9

To cope with the intensity of the medical field

Question 10

Provide an example of a medical acronym/euphemism

Answer 10

“CTD” - circling the drain

“Yellow Submarine” - jaundice

Question 11

When was the Plain English Campaign created?

Answer 11

1979

Question 12

What is the Plain English Campaign against?

Answer 12

• Jargon and misleading public information

Question 13

Where is the Plain English Campaign based?

Answer 13

The UK

Question 14

What do the Plain English Campaign argue?

Answer 14

Complexity isn’t necessary for avoiding misinterpretation

Question 15

Provide some examples of French loan words in Law

Answer 15

• Bailiff
• Counsel
• Justice

Question 16

What is a binomial?

Answer 16

An Anglo-Saxton term and a French term to make Legalese more accessible

Question 17

Provide an example of a binomial

Answer 17

“fit and proper”

Question 18

Provide an example of a rhymed/paired phrase

Answer 18

To have and to hold

Question 19

What is the main argument against Legalese?

Answer 19

It is made to be deliberating alienating

Question 20

What did David Crystal say in 2010?

Answer 20

Documents must be both generally applicable but also specific to individual circumstances

Question 21

What is an opening statement?

Answer 21

Summarise main aspects in narrative form

Question 22

What is a closing statement?

Answer 22

An opportunity to retell an opponents’ arguments and influence the jury

Question 23

Why are questions used in the courtroom?

Answer 23

Designed to provoke and coerce witnesses

Question 24

What types of questions are typically used in a courtroom?

Answer 24

Closed questions

Question 25

Why might lawyers reformulate a response with a different way of phrasing?

Answer 25

To present the statement in an advantageous way

Question 26

What theory did Simpson and Mayr create?

Answer 26

Presupposition strategies (assumed knowledge)

Question 27

What are the 7 presupposition strategies?

Answer 27

• Iteratives
• Factives
• Alternative questions
• Change of stative verbs
• Comparatives
• “Wh” type questions
• Definitive referring expressions

Question 28

What is a definitive referring expression?

Answer 28

When someone refers to a particular person or thing in mind

Question 29

Provide an example of a change of stative verbs

Answer 29

“Did you continue to threaten her?”

Question 30

Provide an example of an alternative question

Answer 30

“Were you inside or outside?”

Question 31

What is a factive?

Answer 31

It asserts truth

Question 32

What is an iterative? Provide an example

Answer 32

It denotes repeated action (i.e “again”)

Question 33

What type of sentences does Legalese include?

Answer 33

Complex, multi-clausal sentences