Medications Ch 8

Question 1

Narrow Therapeutic Index

Answer 1

Drugs in which small changes in dose or serum concentration can lead to significant changes in effectiveness or toxicity

Question 2

Subtherapeutic

Answer 2

Drug dose or concentration is below what is needed for the drug to be effective

Question 3

Supratherapeutic

Answer 3

Drug does or concentration is above the point at which the drug is safe, posing risk of toxicity

Question 4

Characterics of NTI drugs

Answer 4

-There is little difference between subtherapeutic and supratherapeutic doses
-Subtherapeutic concentrations result in marked therapeutic failure
-Serum concentrations or other makers of drug activity are monitored
-Dose changes tend to be done in small increments

Question 5

Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus

Answer 5

-Both are immune suppressive drugs used to prevent transplanted organ rejection
-Kidney Failure

Question 6

Digoxin

Answer 6

-Drug interactions or reduced kidney function increase the risk for supratherapeutic levels
-Side effects: Nausea, Vomiting, Bradycardia, and Life-threatening arrhythmias

Question 7

Carbamazepine, Phenytoin, and Valproic Acid

Answer 7

-Doses and Target levels may also depend on individual patient seizure threshold
-Can lead to break through seizures

Question 8

Levothyroxine

Answer 8

Monitoring of thyroid stimulating hormone

Question 9

Lithium Carbonate

Answer 9

-Toxicity included tremors, altered mental status, and kidney failure

Question 10

Theophylline

Answer 10

-Toxicity includes arrhythmias, seizures, and metabolic disorders
-Asthma and COPD

Question 11

Warfarin

Answer 11

Requires monitoring of INR (the ability of blood to clot)
-Bleeding, Brain Hemorrhage