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Pharm Tech > Medications ch 7 > Flashcards

Medications ch 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Drug Interactions

A

Drug, Dietary Supplement, Disease, Laboratory

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2
Q

Pharmacodynamic

A

Changes how the drug affects the body

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3
Q

Pharmacokinetic

A

Changes how the body handles the drug

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4
Q

Additive

A

Drugs with similar effects result in those effects added together (Think addition)

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5
Q

SYNERGISTIC

A

Drug effects are amplified in combination to result in an effect that is more pronounced than just the two added together (think multiplication)

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6
Q

Antagonistic

A

Drugs counteract each other

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7
Q

Pharmacokinetic drug Interactions

A

Changes in drug absorption
Changes in drug metabolism
Changes in drug elimination

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8
Q

Drug indications range from smallest to greatest

A
  1. Mild
  2. Moderate
  3. Major/Severe
  4. Life-Threatening
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9
Q

Contraindications

A

Infers that a drug should not be used due to a heightened safety concern for a particular patient

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10
Q

Absolute

A

Avoid at all costs, risks certainly outweigh any benefit

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11
Q

Relative

A

Should be avoided unless there is a compelling benefit that will outweigh the risk

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12
Q

Potential Reasons

A

Allergy, Existing Health Condition, Drug Interaction, Genetics, Age or disease-related changes in organ function

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13
Q

Alcohol

A
  • can cause additive depression of the CNS with drugs that have those effects (Opiates, benzodiazepines, muscle relaxants, etc.
  • Can cause liver toxicity when combined with Acetaminophen
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14
Q

Antacids

A

Many of these can decrease the absorption of other drugs rendering them less effective

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15
Q

Antihistamines

A

Can have additive sedative effects with other sedating medications

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16
Q

Beta-Blockers

A

-Can mask symptoms of hypoglycemia from Insulin
-Can lead to Brachycardia when combined with Diltiazem or verapamil

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17
Q

Cabamazepine

A

Reduces the effectiveness of many drugs by inducing metabolism

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18
Q

Erythromycin

A

Increases the risk of side effects from many drugs by inhibiting metabolism

19
Q

Fluconazole

A

Increases the risk of side effects from many drugs by inhibiting metabolism

20
Q

Grapefruit Juice

A

Increases the risk of side effects from many drugs by inhibiting metabolism

21
Q

Metronidazole

A

Inhibits metabolism of Alcohols

22
Q

NSAIDS

A

Increase risk of bleeding with anticoagulants and antiplatelets due to additive anticoagulent effect

23
Q

Phenytoin

A

Reduces effectiveness of many drugs by inducing metabolism

24
Q

Rifampin

A

Reduces effectiveness of many drugs by inducing metabolism

25
Q

Ritonavir

A

Increases toxicity of many drugs by inhibiting metabolism

26
Q

St. Johns wort

A

Reduces the effectiveness of many drugs by inducing metabolism.

27
Q

SSRIs

A

Can cause a potentially life-threatening condition called “serotonin syndrome”

28
Q

Amiodarone

A

Prolongs QT interval and increases the risk for a potentially fatal heart arrhythmia called “torsades de pointes”

29
Q

Antidepressants and Antipsychotics

A

Cause many side effects: easy for additive or synergistic effects to occur when combined with other drugs

30
Q

Digoxin

A

Metabolized by several enzymes that are often implicated in drug interactions

31
Q

Drugs for Epilepsy

A

Commonly metabolized by enzymes that are prone to interactions

32
Q

Warfarin

A

-Metabolized by many enzymes that can be affected in drug interactions
-Dietary Vitamin K intake

33
Q

Asthma and COPD

A

Beta Blocker can cause Bronchiospasm and counteract beta agonists

34
Q

Chronic Kidney Disease

A

NSAIDs can cause kidney Failure

35
Q

Heart Failure

A

Diltiazem, Verapamil, Pioglitazone, and some anti-arrhythmic

36
Q

Hypertension

A

NSAIDs

37
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease

A

Aspirin, NSAIDs and Corticosteroids

38
Q

Liver Disease

A

Metabolism of many drugs is impaired

39
Q

Seizures

A

Can be precipitated by antipsychotics, bupropion, tramadol, and others

40
Q

Allergy

A

Hypersensitivity
The result of the body’s immune system activating against a substance or drug

41
Q

Allergen

A

Substance that triggers the allergy

42
Q

Allergies can occur?

A

With any medication

43
Q

Drug Allergy Risk

A

Risk of developing allergy increases with repeated exposure to a medication

44
Q

Cross sensitivity

A

The development of an allergy to one drug may result in a similar reaction to other drugs that share similar chemical structures.

Pharm Tech (25 decks)

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