Medications and SE etc

Question 1

Potential side effect of furosemide is hypo/hyper -kalaemia?

Answer 1

Hypokalaemia

Question 2

Name 2 potential side effects of spironolactone

Answer 2

Gynaecomastia

Hyperkalaemia

Question 3

Beta blocker increases/decreases sympathetic drive to the heart

Answer 3

Decreases

- slows the HR

Question 4

Management of paracetamol overdose if within 1 hour

Answer 4

Activated charcoal

Question 5

Management of paracetamol overdose if over 1 hour since ingestion

Answer 5

N-acetylcystine

Question 6

Management of opiate / opioid overdose

Answer 6

Naloxone

Question 7

Patient takes overdose of beta blockers which causes bradycardia. What is the management?

Answer 7

Atropine

Question 8

What is the first line anti-psychotic for a delirious patient?

Answer 8

Halloperidol

Question 9

Which cardiac drug can cause widespread ST depression

Answer 9

Digoxin

Question 10

Pre-menopausal woman with breast cancer. Staging suggests early disease and she has a wide-local excision followed by whole-breast radiotherapy. Pathology results show that the tumour is oestrogen receptor positive, HER2 negative. Which adjuvant therapy should be used?

• Herceptin
• Tamoxifen
• Letrozole
• Anastrozole

Answer 10

Tamoxifen

- used in pre-menopausal woman when patient has a +ve hormonal receptor

Question 11

Post-menopausal woman with breast cancer. Staging suggests early disease and she has a wide-local excision followed by whole-breast radiotherapy. Pathology results show that the tumour is oestrogen receptor positive, HER2 negative. Which adjuvant therapy should be used?

• Herceptin
• Tamoxifen
• Letrozole
• Anastrozole

Answer 11

Anastrozole

Question 12

What is the first line medication for PBC ??

Answer 12

Urseodeoxycholic acid

Question 13

What is the antibiotic of choice for cellulitis in pregnancy if the patient is penicillin allergic

Answer 13

erythromycin

Question 14

Which medication is contra-indicated in ventricular tachycardia?

Answer 14

Verapamil

Question 15

What is prescribed for patients who present with a first episode of an unprovoked PE (and for how long is it prescribed for)

Answer 15

DOAC (eg apixaban)

for 6 months if unprovoked

Question 16

What is prescribed for patients who present with a first episode of an provooked PE (ie they have risk factors) AND for how long is it prescribed for

Answer 16

DOAC (eg apixaban)

for 3 months if provoked

Question 17

Which dose of atorvastatin should be administered for PRIMARY prevention of cardiovascular disease

Answer 17

20mg

Question 18

Which dose of atorvastatin should be administered for SECONDARY prevention of cardiovascular disease

Answer 18

80mg

Question 19

What is the first line treatment for gestational hypertension

Answer 19

labetolol

Question 20

If someone is biten by an animal which drew blood but no signs of infection, what do you prescribe?

Answer 20

a prophylactic dose (3 days) co-amoxiclav

Question 21

What is the investigation of choice for genital herpes?

Answer 21

Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT)

Question 22

Diuretics increase urine output by blocking reabsorption of?

Answer 22

Na+

- this causes excretion of Na+ and water as WAFS

Question 23

Which part of the nephron do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolimide) work?

Answer 23

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 24

Which drug typically acts on the thick ascending loop of henle?

Answer 24

Loop diuretic

Question 25

Which drug typically acts on the distal convoluted tubule?

Answer 25

Thiazide diuretics

Question 26

Which drug typically acts on the collecting duct of the nephron?

Answer 26

Spironolactone

Question 27

Loop diuretics cause hyper/hypokalaemia

Answer 27

Hypokalaemia

Question 28

Which type of diuretic is most likely to be used in renal failure - loop - thiazide

Answer 28

Loop

Question 29

Thiazide diuretics cause hyper/hypokalaemia

Answer 29

Hypokalaemia

Question 30

Which diabetic medication can cause weight loss

Answer 30

SGLT2 inhibitor

Question 31

Which diabetic medication can cause glycosuria

Answer 31

SGLT2 inhibitor

Question 32

What are the 2 first line treatments for heart failure

Answer 32

ACE inhibitor | Beta blocker

Question 33

What is the second line treatment for heart failure

Answer 33

Aldosterone antagonist (spironolactone)

Question 34

ACE inhibitor causes hyper/hypo kalaemia

Answer 34

Hyperkalaemia

Question 35

What is third line treatment options for heart failure

Answer 35

Digoxin / Hydralazine / Ivabradine

Question 36

Secondary pneumothorax <1cm, how should you manage?

Answer 36

admit and give oxygen for 24 hours

Question 37

patients with a primary pneumothorax with a rim of air < 2cm, how should you manage?

Answer 37

Discharge and follow up as out patient

Question 38

patients with a primary pneumothorax with a rim of air >2cm, how should you manage?

Answer 38

Aspiration

Question 39

First line treatment in COPD therapy

Answer 39

SABA / SAMA

Question 40

Second line treatment in COPD therapy (two routes)

Answer 40

Asthma features: SABA + LABA + ICS No-asthma features: SABA + LABA + LAMA

Question 41

Patient on warfarin presents with minor bleeding and INR 4.7 What is the management

Answer 41

Vitamin K | Stop warfarin temporarily

Question 42

Patient on warfarin presents with major bleeding and INR 5.2 What is the management

Answer 42

Prothrombin complex Vitamin K Stop warfarin temporarily

Question 43

First line therapy for mild C diff infection

Answer 43

Oral metronidazole

Question 44

If patient with C diff infection does not respond to oral metronidazole, what should you do?

Answer 44

Oral vancomycin

Question 45

life threatening C diff infection, what is the treatment

Answer 45

Oral vancomycin + IV metronidazole

Question 46

Management of a tension pneumothorax

Answer 46

Immediate needle thoracocentesis

Question 47

Patient with neuropathic pain. Treated with amitryptiline but not working. What do you do next? - add duloxetine - add gabapentin - switch to pregabalin - switch to tramadol

Answer 47

Switch to pregablin | - try to keep monotherapy for neuropathic pain meds

Question 48

What is the mechanism of action of odansetron? - 5-HT1 antagonist - 5-HT2 antagonist - 5-HT3 antagonist - 5-HT4 antagonist

Answer 48

5-HT3 antagonist

Question 49

What is the treatment for Bell's Palsy?

Answer 49

Prednisolone