Medications and SE etc Flashcards
Potential side effect of furosemide is hypo/hyper -kalaemia?
Hypokalaemia
Name 2 potential side effects of spironolactone
Gynaecomastia
Hyperkalaemia
Beta blocker increases/decreases sympathetic drive to the heart
Decreases
- slows the HR
Management of paracetamol overdose if within 1 hour
Activated charcoal
Management of paracetamol overdose if over 1 hour since ingestion
N-acetylcystine
Management of opiate / opioid overdose
Naloxone
Patient takes overdose of beta blockers which causes bradycardia. What is the management?
Atropine
What is the first line anti-psychotic for a delirious patient?
Halloperidol
Which cardiac drug can cause widespread ST depression
Digoxin
Pre-menopausal woman with breast cancer. Staging suggests early disease and she has a wide-local excision followed by whole-breast radiotherapy. Pathology results show that the tumour is oestrogen receptor positive, HER2 negative. Which adjuvant therapy should be used?
- Herceptin
- Tamoxifen
- Letrozole
- Anastrozole
Tamoxifen
- used in pre-menopausal woman when patient has a +ve hormonal receptor
Post-menopausal woman with breast cancer. Staging suggests early disease and she has a wide-local excision followed by whole-breast radiotherapy. Pathology results show that the tumour is oestrogen receptor positive, HER2 negative. Which adjuvant therapy should be used?
- Herceptin
- Tamoxifen
- Letrozole
- Anastrozole
Anastrozole
What is the first line medication for PBC ??
Urseodeoxycholic acid
What is the antibiotic of choice for cellulitis in pregnancy if the patient is penicillin allergic
erythromycin
Which medication is contra-indicated in ventricular tachycardia?
Verapamil
What is prescribed for patients who present with a first episode of an unprovoked PE (and for how long is it prescribed for)
DOAC (eg apixaban)
for 6 months if unprovoked
What is prescribed for patients who present with a first episode of an provooked PE (ie they have risk factors) AND for how long is it prescribed for
DOAC (eg apixaban)
for 3 months if provoked
Which dose of atorvastatin should be administered for PRIMARY prevention of cardiovascular disease
20mg
Which dose of atorvastatin should be administered for SECONDARY prevention of cardiovascular disease
80mg
What is the first line treatment for gestational hypertension
labetolol
If someone is biten by an animal which drew blood but no signs of infection, what do you prescribe?
a prophylactic dose (3 days) co-amoxiclav
What is the investigation of choice for genital herpes?
Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT)
Diuretics increase urine output by blocking reabsorption of?
Na+
- this causes excretion of Na+ and water as WAFS
Which part of the nephron do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolimide) work?
Proximal convoluted tubule
Which drug typically acts on the thick ascending loop of henle?
Loop diuretic
Which drug typically acts on the distal convoluted tubule?
Thiazide diuretics
Which drug typically acts on the collecting duct of the nephron?
Spironolactone
Loop diuretics cause hyper/hypokalaemia
Hypokalaemia
Which type of diuretic is most likely to be used in renal failure
- loop
- thiazide
Loop
Thiazide diuretics cause hyper/hypokalaemia
Hypokalaemia
Which diabetic medication can cause weight loss
SGLT2 inhibitor
Which diabetic medication can cause glycosuria
SGLT2 inhibitor
What are the 2 first line treatments for heart failure
ACE inhibitor
Beta blocker
What is the second line treatment for heart failure
Aldosterone antagonist (spironolactone)
ACE inhibitor causes hyper/hypo kalaemia
Hyperkalaemia
What is third line treatment options for heart failure
Digoxin /
Hydralazine /
Ivabradine
Secondary pneumothorax <1cm, how should you manage?
admit and give oxygen for 24 hours
patients with a primary pneumothorax with a rim of air < 2cm, how should you manage?
Discharge and follow up as out patient
patients with a primary pneumothorax with a rim of air >2cm, how should you manage?
Aspiration
First line treatment in COPD therapy
SABA / SAMA
Second line treatment in COPD therapy (two routes)
Asthma features: SABA + LABA + ICS
No-asthma features: SABA + LABA + LAMA
Patient on warfarin presents with minor bleeding and INR 4.7 What is the management
Vitamin K
Stop warfarin temporarily
Patient on warfarin presents with major bleeding and INR 5.2 What is the management
Prothrombin complex
Vitamin K
Stop warfarin temporarily
First line therapy for mild C diff infection
Oral metronidazole
If patient with C diff infection does not respond to oral metronidazole, what should you do?
Oral vancomycin
life threatening C diff infection, what is the treatment
Oral vancomycin + IV metronidazole
Management of a tension pneumothorax
Immediate needle thoracocentesis
Patient with neuropathic pain. Treated with amitryptiline but not working. What do you do next?
- add duloxetine
- add gabapentin
- switch to pregabalin
- switch to tramadol
Switch to pregablin
- try to keep monotherapy for neuropathic pain meds
What is the mechanism of action of odansetron?
- 5-HT1 antagonist
- 5-HT2 antagonist
- 5-HT3 antagonist
- 5-HT4 antagonist
5-HT3 antagonist
What is the treatment for Bell’s Palsy?
Prednisolone
