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1
Q

Name 3 common side effects of statins

A

Headache
Aesthesia (decreased muscle strength, lack of energy)
Flatulence

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2
Q

Which long term medication should be stopped if you start clarithromycin antibiotic?

A

Statin should be stopped

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3
Q

Statins should be stopped during pregnancy. True or false?

A

True

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4
Q

Headache red flags

A

Pain wakes patient up at night

Worse on coughing

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5
Q

3 features which are most indicative of a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa?

A

BMI <17.5
Distorted body image perception
Amenorrhoea

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6
Q

Which type of spots are associated with measles

A

Koplik spots

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7
Q

What kind of vaccine is the MMR?

  • killed
  • conjugate
  • live attenuated
A

Live attenuated

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8
Q

A child with egg allergy can have the MMR vaccine. True or false?

A

True

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9
Q

Children with egg allergies are most likely to develop side effects to which vaccine?

A

Flu vaccine

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10
Q

which class of anti-depressants commonly have headaches and nausea as transient side effects?

A

SSRI

- fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram, escitalopram, paroxetine

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11
Q

What is the Q-fit test?

A

Check for specific type of blood in stool which would suggest colorectal cancer

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12
Q

Which medication can cause leg swelling and breathlessness?

A

Amlodipine

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13
Q

Side effect of GTN spray (initial usage)

A

Thumping headache, faint feeling

- vasodilates blood vessels

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14
Q

Management of polymyalgia rheumatica

A

Prednisolone

  • long course (several months)
  • must titrate dose down slowly
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15
Q

What scoring system is used for sleep apnoea?

A

Epworth score

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16
Q

When taking a Hx from someone with suspected sleep apnoea, what is important to ask in SHx?

A

Does the patient drive?
Weight?
Alcohol?
Smoking?

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17
Q

Which antidepressant is used first line if the patient has insomnia (as the medication has a sedative effect) ?

A

Mirtazapine (atypical anti-depressant)

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18
Q

If patients get mirena coil, most of them will/will not have periods?

A

85% will not have periods

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19
Q

Hard skin on foot with central punctum. What is the likely diagnosis and what is the treatment?

A

Diagnosis: corn
Tx: corn plasters

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20
Q

What are some first line treatments of anxiety?

A

Sertraline

Propranolol

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21
Q

Name 2 radiological features which could be present with rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Osteopenia

Periarticular Erosions

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22
Q

First line treatment for hypertension in patient under 55

A

ACE inhibitor

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23
Q

First line treatment for hypertension in patient over 55

A

CCB (amlodipine)

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24
Q

If a patient is started on ACE inhibitor for hypertension, when should they be followed up?

A

Check U+E’s 7 days after initiation of ACE inhibitor

Check BP within 1 month

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25
Patient on ACE inhibitor for hypertension but not effective. What is done?
ACE inhibitor + CCB OR ACE inhibitor + thiazide-like diuretic
26
ACE inhibitor + CCB but BP still uncontrolled. What is the next step?
ACE inhibitor + CCB + thiazide-like diuretic
27
If patient is on ACE inhibitor + CCB + thiazide-like diuretic but BP is still uncontrolled, what is the next step?
Spironolactone or beta blocker or alpha blocker
28
Name 2 alpha blockers
Doxazosin | Tamsulosin
29
What is tamsulosin used to treat?
Prostate problems - BPH
30
In the treatment of BP, when should specialist help be required?
Once on quadruple therapy
31
A 2-year-old boy presents with a harsh cough and pyrexia. His symptoms worsened overnight and on examination stridor is noted. What is the likely diagnosis and what is the best management?
Diagnosis: croup Treatment: oral dexamethasone
32
Worsening lower limb weakness following gastroenteritis think which condition?
Guillian barre syndrome
33
A clinical disease involving the loss of fine motor control and coordination, gait dysfunction and imaging showing cervical cord compression
Cervical myelopathy
34
Cervical myelopathy is UMN or LMN pathology?
UMN pathology
35
Disc herniation usually causes a myelopathy or radiculopathy?
Radiculopathy
36
Symptoms in a radiculopathy are unilateral/bilateral?
Unilateral
37
Symptoms in a myelopathy are unilateral/bilateral?
Bilateral
38
myelopathy/radiculopathy has a specific nerve root pattern ?
Radiculopathy
39
Radiculopathy is UMN or LMN pathology?
LMN pathology
40
What is the defining difference between cervical radiculopathy and cervical myelopathy?
cervical radiculopathy - LMN | cervical myelopathy - UMN
41
What is the preferred antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention following a stroke?
Clopidogrel
42
Ataxia Dementia Urinary incontinence what does this triad of symptoms make you think of?
normal pressure hydrocephalus
43
Acute episode of gout treatment
Colchicine
44
Which of the following treatments are licensed for prevention of migraine? - amitriptyline - propranolol - sodium valproate - topiramate - pizotifen
Pizotifen Propranolol Topiramate
45
What specific monitoring is required for ACE inhibitors
Renal function, U+E | blood pressure checks
46
If you have never had chicken pox, you should avoid people who have chicken pox or shingles. This is true for what medication?
Prednisolone (steroids)
47
Allopurinol can cause rash. True or false?
True
48
After non-cardioembolic stroke, what secondary prevention should be prescribed? (3) - anti-coagulant - anti-hypertensive - anti-platelet - thrombolytic - statin
Anti-hypertensive Anti-platelet Statin
49
thrombolytic drugs are for acute stroke / secondary prevention of stroke?
Acute stroke
50
If a patient is over 65 and requires an NSAID, what should they be co-prescribed?
PPI (omeprazole) for gastric protection
51
If a patient has a CVD risk of over 20% what treatment should they be started on for primary prevention?
Statin
52
what are the 3 triple whammy medications
ACE inhibitor / ARB Diuretic NSAID
53
Why should you give statin at night?
Most cholesterol is made when dietary intake is at its lowest (ie throughout sleeping hours)
54
After an MI, which medications should a patient be on acutely?
Stain Anti-platelet ACE inhibitor beta blocker
55
What is the medication quinine sulphate commonly used for
Restless legs | nocturnal leg cramps
56
ACE inhibitors cause hyper/hypo -kalaemia?
Hyperkalaemia
57
Varenicline (Champix) is used for what?
Smoking cessation
58
Patient (lorry driver) with T2DM is on metformin but on annual check up has HbA1c of 62mmol/l. and BMI of 32. Should a sulphonylurea be added?
Avoid sulphonylurea - patient is a lorry driver and risk of hypo with sulphonylurea. Also sulphonylurea causes weight gain
59
Eye pain, lasts for days, associated with tearing and reddening of the eye. Also has a runny nose. What is the likely diagnosis?
Cluster headache
60
What is prophylactic treatment for cluster headache?
Verapamil
61
Patient with hepatomegaly and has a glass eye. What do you think of?
Metastasis from melanoma (eye)
62
79 M, presents with shortness of breast, there is no chest pain. He has been a lifelong smoker and is known to be hypertensive. GP recently started him on new meds to help control BP. CXR shows bilateral pulmonary oedema. What is the diagnosis?
Renal artery stenosis - Recently started andihypertensive medication is likely to be ACE inhibitor which on the background of bilateral renal artery stenosis has precipitated flash pulmonary oedema.
63
In GBS, the weakness is symmetrical or asymmetrical? | Which muscles tend to be affected first: proximal or distal?
Symmetrical | Proximal muscles affected first
64
Pale optic discs suggest optic neuritis. True or false?
True
65
Type 2 diabetics medication 1st line 2nd line 3rd line
1st line - metformin 2nd line + sulphonylurea / SGLT2 inhibitor 3rd line + GLP1 agonist, DPPIV inhibitor
66
Bells palsy is an UMN / LMN condition? | what does this mean: partial / whole side of face affected
LMN condition | Whole side of face affected
67
Adenosine should be avoided in people with which condition?
Asthma
68
What is primary hyperparathyroidism most commonly due to?
Parathyroid adenoma
69
The ECG in Eisenmenger's syndrome shows - right ventricular hypertrophy - left ventricular hypertrophy
Right ventricular hypertrophy
70
In relation to the JVP, what is kussmal sign related to?
Constrictive pericarditis

Y4 (23 decks)

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