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Anatomy > Mediastinum > Flashcards

Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

this structure near the first rib is the superior border of the mediastinum

A

thoracic inlet

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2
Q

this structure is the inferior border of the mediastinum

A

diaphragm

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3
Q

anterior border of mediastinum

A

sternum/ costal cartilage

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4
Q

posterior border of mediastinum

A

thoracic vertebrae

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5
Q

lateral border of the mediastinum

A

pleura

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6
Q

structures found in middle inferior mediastinum

A

heart and pericardial tissue

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7
Q

structures found in anterior inferior mediastinum

A

fat, lymph, vessels, thymus (children)

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8
Q

structures found in posterior inferior mediastinum

A

thoracic aorta, esophagus, azygos system, thoracic duct, sympathetic trunk, thoracic splanchnic nerves

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9
Q

vagus nerves, nerve plexuses, the thymus, trachea, esophagus, great vessels are found in which compartment of the mediastinum

A

superior

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10
Q

splanchnic nerves synapse with ________ ganglia in the abdomen

A

prevertebral

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11
Q

the diaphragm, left main bronchus and aortic arch all sit within this portion of the mediastinum causing constriction leading to lodged objects when swallowed and where a stricture may develop

A

inferior posterior (inferoposterior) mediastinum

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12
Q

arteries and veins entering and leaving the heart are called

A

great vessels

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13
Q

_______ prevent the collapse of mitral and tricuspid valves during contraction

A

papillary muscles

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14
Q

the heart is rotated in the chest cavity so that the ___side in located anteriorly

A

right

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15
Q

the base of the heart is primarily formed by which chamber

A

left atrium

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16
Q

the apex of the heart projects anterioinferiorly toward which side of the body

A

left

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17
Q

proper name for the LAD (left anterior descending artery)

A

anterior interventricular artery

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18
Q

the pericardium keeps the heart in place and prevents overfilling. it is made of an outer CT portion called the ___ pericardium which connects to the sternum and diaphragm

A

fibrous

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19
Q

the pericardium keeps the heart in place and prevents overfilling. it is made of an inner serous membrane portion called the ___ pericardium which has a parietal and visceral layer

A

serous

20
Q

heart wall layer adheres to visceral pericardium, becomes thick and fatty as we age

A

external epicardium

21
Q

heart wall layer containing muscular component

A

middle myocardium

22
Q

heart wall layer of CT lining the chambers of the heart and external surface of heart valves

A

internal endocardium

23
Q

areolar CT creates a layer between the endocardium and myocardium called

A

subendocardial layer

24
Q

anterior portion of the atria which is wrinkled and flaplike

A

auricle

25
Q

external feature extending around teh heart’s circumference separating atria from ventricles

A

coronary (atrioventricular) sulcus

26
Q

structure between atria and ventricles, made of dense irreg CT to anchor heart valves, provides electrical insulation

A

fibrous skeleton of the heart

27
Q

the fossa ovalis can best be viewed in which chamber of the heart

A

right atrium

28
Q

what 3 vessels empty into the right atrium

A

superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus

29
Q

the interatrial septum contains _______ muscle and teh fossa ovalis

A

pectinate

30
Q

which heart valves function most like venous valves

A

semilunar

31
Q

the tricuspid valve is forced closed when the ___ ventricle ____ to prevent backflow

A

right, contracts

32
Q

papillary muscles connect to atrioventricular valves and are anchored by

A

chordae tendineae

33
Q

superior end of the pulmonary trunk narrows into a conical region called

A

conus arteriosus

34
Q

the _______ wall of the left atrium contains openings for 4 pulmonary veins

A

posterior

35
Q

their are 2 (unpaired) pulmonary _____ and 4 (paired) pulmonary _____ entering the heart

A

arteries, veins

36
Q

the _____ valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle

A

mitral/ bicuspid/ L. atrioventricular

37
Q

the left ventricle wall is __x thicker than the right

A

3

38
Q

left heart has more prominent muscles called ________ attaching the atrioventricular valve to ventricle wall

A

trabeculae carneae

39
Q

heart is innervated by the autonomic system via

A

coronary plexus

40
Q

sympathetic innervation causes rate and force to _____ and parasympathetics cause rate to ___ and have no effect on contractility

A

increase, decrease

41
Q

parasympathetic innervation reaches the heart via

A

vagus nerve

42
Q

the marginal artery (supplies right border) and the posterior inter-ventricular artery (supplies both ventricles) are branches of which coronary artery

A

right coronary artery

43
Q

left coronary artery typically branches into ____ (supplies the interventricular system) and ___ (supplies left heart)

A

anterior interventricular artery (LAD), circumflex artery

44
Q

condition of enlarged or stiffened ventricle reducing pumping ability

A

cardiomyopathy

45
Q

procedure where catheter is inserted to correct plaque blockage in coronary arteries

A

angioplasty (balloon or stent)

Anatomy (12 decks)

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