Mediastinum Flashcards
this structure near the first rib is the superior border of the mediastinum
thoracic inlet
this structure is the inferior border of the mediastinum
diaphragm
anterior border of mediastinum
sternum/ costal cartilage
posterior border of mediastinum
thoracic vertebrae
lateral border of the mediastinum
pleura
structures found in middle inferior mediastinum
heart and pericardial tissue
structures found in anterior inferior mediastinum
fat, lymph, vessels, thymus (children)
structures found in posterior inferior mediastinum
thoracic aorta, esophagus, azygos system, thoracic duct, sympathetic trunk, thoracic splanchnic nerves
vagus nerves, nerve plexuses, the thymus, trachea, esophagus, great vessels are found in which compartment of the mediastinum
superior
splanchnic nerves synapse with ________ ganglia in the abdomen
prevertebral
the diaphragm, left main bronchus and aortic arch all sit within this portion of the mediastinum causing constriction leading to lodged objects when swallowed and where a stricture may develop
inferior posterior (inferoposterior) mediastinum
arteries and veins entering and leaving the heart are called
great vessels
_______ prevent the collapse of mitral and tricuspid valves during contraction
papillary muscles
the heart is rotated in the chest cavity so that the ___side in located anteriorly
right
the base of the heart is primarily formed by which chamber
left atrium
the apex of the heart projects anterioinferiorly toward which side of the body
left
proper name for the LAD (left anterior descending artery)
anterior interventricular artery
the pericardium keeps the heart in place and prevents overfilling. it is made of an outer CT portion called the ___ pericardium which connects to the sternum and diaphragm
fibrous
the pericardium keeps the heart in place and prevents overfilling. it is made of an inner serous membrane portion called the ___ pericardium which has a parietal and visceral layer
serous
heart wall layer adheres to visceral pericardium, becomes thick and fatty as we age
external epicardium
heart wall layer containing muscular component
middle myocardium
heart wall layer of CT lining the chambers of the heart and external surface of heart valves
internal endocardium
areolar CT creates a layer between the endocardium and myocardium called
subendocardial layer
anterior portion of the atria which is wrinkled and flaplike
auricle
external feature extending around teh heart’s circumference separating atria from ventricles
coronary (atrioventricular) sulcus
structure between atria and ventricles, made of dense irreg CT to anchor heart valves, provides electrical insulation
fibrous skeleton of the heart
the fossa ovalis can best be viewed in which chamber of the heart
right atrium
what 3 vessels empty into the right atrium
superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus
the interatrial septum contains _______ muscle and teh fossa ovalis
pectinate
which heart valves function most like venous valves
semilunar
the tricuspid valve is forced closed when the ___ ventricle ____ to prevent backflow
right, contracts
papillary muscles connect to atrioventricular valves and are anchored by
chordae tendineae
superior end of the pulmonary trunk narrows into a conical region called
conus arteriosus
the _______ wall of the left atrium contains openings for 4 pulmonary veins
posterior
their are 2 (unpaired) pulmonary _____ and 4 (paired) pulmonary _____ entering the heart
arteries, veins
the _____ valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle
mitral/ bicuspid/ L. atrioventricular
the left ventricle wall is __x thicker than the right
3
left heart has more prominent muscles called ________ attaching the atrioventricular valve to ventricle wall
trabeculae carneae
heart is innervated by the autonomic system via
coronary plexus
sympathetic innervation causes rate and force to _____ and parasympathetics cause rate to ___ and have no effect on contractility
increase, decrease
parasympathetic innervation reaches the heart via
vagus nerve
the marginal artery (supplies right border) and the posterior inter-ventricular artery (supplies both ventricles) are branches of which coronary artery
right coronary artery
left coronary artery typically branches into ____ (supplies the interventricular system) and ___ (supplies left heart)
anterior interventricular artery (LAD), circumflex artery
condition of enlarged or stiffened ventricle reducing pumping ability
cardiomyopathy
procedure where catheter is inserted to correct plaque blockage in coronary arteries
angioplasty (balloon or stent)
