Mediastinum

Question 1

this structure near the first rib is the superior border of the mediastinum

Answer 1

thoracic inlet

Question 2

this structure is the inferior border of the mediastinum

Answer 2

diaphragm

Question 3

anterior border of mediastinum

Answer 3

sternum/ costal cartilage

Question 4

posterior border of mediastinum

Answer 4

thoracic vertebrae

Question 5

lateral border of the mediastinum

Answer 5

pleura

Question 6

structures found in middle inferior mediastinum

Answer 6

heart and pericardial tissue

Question 7

structures found in anterior inferior mediastinum

Answer 7

fat, lymph, vessels, thymus (children)

Question 8

structures found in posterior inferior mediastinum

Answer 8

thoracic aorta, esophagus, azygos system, thoracic duct, sympathetic trunk, thoracic splanchnic nerves

Question 9

vagus nerves, nerve plexuses, the thymus, trachea, esophagus, great vessels are found in which compartment of the mediastinum

Answer 9

superior

Question 10

splanchnic nerves synapse with ________ ganglia in the abdomen

Answer 10

prevertebral

Question 11

the diaphragm, left main bronchus and aortic arch all sit within this portion of the mediastinum causing constriction leading to lodged objects when swallowed and where a stricture may develop

Answer 11

inferior posterior (inferoposterior) mediastinum

Question 12

arteries and veins entering and leaving the heart are called

Answer 12

great vessels

Question 13

_______ prevent the collapse of mitral and tricuspid valves during contraction

Answer 13

papillary muscles

Question 14

the heart is rotated in the chest cavity so that the ___side in located anteriorly

Answer 14

right

Question 15

the base of the heart is primarily formed by which chamber

Answer 15

left atrium

Question 16

the apex of the heart projects anterioinferiorly toward which side of the body

Answer 16

left

Question 17

proper name for the LAD (left anterior descending artery)

Answer 17

anterior interventricular artery

Question 18

the pericardium keeps the heart in place and prevents overfilling. it is made of an outer CT portion called the ___ pericardium which connects to the sternum and diaphragm

Answer 18

fibrous

Question 19

the pericardium keeps the heart in place and prevents overfilling. it is made of an inner serous membrane portion called the ___ pericardium which has a parietal and visceral layer

Answer 19

serous

Question 20

heart wall layer adheres to visceral pericardium, becomes thick and fatty as we age

Answer 20

external epicardium

Question 21

heart wall layer containing muscular component

Answer 21

middle myocardium

Question 22

heart wall layer of CT lining the chambers of the heart and external surface of heart valves

Answer 22

internal endocardium

Question 23

areolar CT creates a layer between the endocardium and myocardium called

Answer 23

subendocardial layer

Question 24

anterior portion of the atria which is wrinkled and flaplike

Answer 24

auricle

Question 25

external feature extending around teh heart's circumference separating atria from ventricles

Answer 25

coronary (atrioventricular) sulcus

Question 26

structure between atria and ventricles, made of dense irreg CT to anchor heart valves, provides electrical insulation

Answer 26

fibrous skeleton of the heart

Question 27

the fossa ovalis can best be viewed in which chamber of the heart

Answer 27

right atrium

Question 28

what 3 vessels empty into the right atrium

Answer 28

superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus

Question 29

the interatrial septum contains _______ muscle and teh fossa ovalis

Answer 29

pectinate

Question 30

which heart valves function most like venous valves

Answer 30

semilunar

Question 31

the tricuspid valve is forced closed when the ___ ventricle ____ to prevent backflow

Answer 31

right, contracts

Question 32

papillary muscles connect to atrioventricular valves and are anchored by

Answer 32

chordae tendineae

Question 33

superior end of the pulmonary trunk narrows into a conical region called

Answer 33

conus arteriosus

Question 34

the _______ wall of the left atrium contains openings for 4 pulmonary veins

Answer 34

posterior

Question 35

their are 2 (unpaired) pulmonary _____ and 4 (paired) pulmonary _____ entering the heart

Answer 35

arteries, veins

Question 36

the _____ valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle

Answer 36

mitral/ bicuspid/ L. atrioventricular

Question 37

the left ventricle wall is __x thicker than the right

Answer 37

3

Question 38

left heart has more prominent muscles called ________ attaching the atrioventricular valve to ventricle wall

Answer 38

trabeculae carneae

Question 39

heart is innervated by the autonomic system via

Answer 39

coronary plexus

Question 40

sympathetic innervation causes rate and force to _____ and parasympathetics cause rate to ___ and have no effect on contractility

Answer 40

increase, decrease

Question 41

parasympathetic innervation reaches the heart via

Answer 41

vagus nerve

Question 42

the marginal artery (supplies right border) and the posterior inter-ventricular artery (supplies both ventricles) are branches of which coronary artery

Answer 42

right coronary artery

Question 43

left coronary artery typically branches into ____ (supplies the interventricular system) and ___ (supplies left heart)

Answer 43

anterior interventricular artery (LAD), circumflex artery

Question 44

condition of enlarged or stiffened ventricle reducing pumping ability

Answer 44

cardiomyopathy

Question 45

procedure where catheter is inserted to correct plaque blockage in coronary arteries

Answer 45

angioplasty (balloon or stent)