Abdominal Viscera Flashcards
the esophagus pierces the diaphragm at t10 slightly left of the midline and this is known as the
esophageal hiatus
the esophagus turns left sharply to enter the stomach at the
cardiac orifice
the inferior vena cava pierces the diaphragm at
t8
the aorta pierces the diaphragm at
t 12
condition occurs when esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm enlarges and weakens causing parts of stomach to herniate into the thorax
sliding hiatal hernia
hernia in diaphragm next to esophageal hiatus permits fundic stomach to herniate
paraesophageal hiatal hernia
4 parts of the stomach
cardia, fundus, body, pyloric antrum
the lesser curvature of the stomach connects to the __ via the lesser omentum
liver
this is a feature of the stomach that consists of folds to aid in digestion
rugae
the stomach is in contact with the __ kidney
left
3 parts of small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
4 parts of the duodenum… 4th part connects to right crus of diaphragm via suspensory (muscular) ligament of the duodenum
superior, descending, horizontal, ascending
most of the duodenum is retroperitoneal except for the 1st part which is partially covered by the ___ ligament
hepatoduodenal
THE mesentery begins at the flexure between what two structures
duodenum, jejunum
the right kidney and ureter are posterior to this segment of the duodenum and bile enters here through the duodenal papilla
2nd (descending)
the ileum ends at the
ileo-cecal valve
the jejunum and ileum of the small intestine are very mobile and held to the posterior wall by
THE mesentery
we can distinguish the jejunum from the ileum by its ___ vasa recta and more ___
longer, plicae circularis
we can distinguish the ileum from the jejunum by its shorter ____ and fewer ____
vasa recta, plicae circularis
this remnant of the vitelline duct is a common (diseased) feature of the ileum (looks like appendicitis often)
meckel’s ileal diverticulum
the left and right colic ____ are the points in the large intestine where the colon takes a sharp turn
flexure
3 bands of longitudinal muscle on the outside of the colon that converge at the root of the appendix are called
taenia coli
taenia coli produce these sacculations that slow the movement of feces in order for water absorption and fecal formation
haustrae
this feature of the large intestine (not cecum) is made of tags of fat
appendices epeploicae
this structure, just before the cecum is two folds that are not a true sphincter
ileocolic valve
this is a cone like projection/ opening of the ileum into the cecum superior to the opening for the appendix
ileal papilla
this structure is attached posteromedial to cecum at the junction of 3 taenia coli
vermiform appendix
wich portions of the colon are retroperitoneal
ascending and descending
this lymph organ sits in the left hypochondriac region between the stomach and diaphragm. it is intraperitoneal.
spleen
two mesenteries connected to the spleen’s visceral surface
gastrosplenic ligament
splenorenal ligament
this glandular organ is retroperitoneal
pancreas
pancreas has four parts: head (sits within the ____ curve), body, neck, and tail (anterior to hilus of ___)
duodenal, spleen
the IVC and aorta sit ___ to the body of the pancreas, the stomach is ___
posterior, anterior
the main pancreatic duct joins the bile duct to enter the duodenum via the
hepatopancreatic ampulla
the hepatopancreatic ampul forms the major duodenal __
papilla
this organ is located in the upper right quadrant
liver
four lobes of the liver are left, right, __ and __
quadrate, caudate
double layer of peritoneum that connects liver to anterior body wall and separates the left and right lobes
falciform ligament
peritoneum does not cover the area of the liver that articulates with the ___ and this is where the hepatic vein drains into IVC
diaphragm
when viewing the inferior liver, the left lobe is separated from the caudate lobe by the ligamentum ___ and from the quadrate lobe by the ligamentum ___. the hepatic fossa is a place for the gallbladder to sit.
venosum, teres hepatis
the ____ is a transverse fissure between caudate and quadrate lobes that carries the portal triad
porta hepatis
what superior structure connects to both the hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments
lesser omentum
this is the lowest widest part of the gallbladder that usually sits on the transpyloric line
fundus
when the cystic duct and common hepatic duct combine we get the ___ which runs along the lesser momentum to the duodenum where it enters with the pancreatic duct
bile duct
the aorta is retroperitoneal and terminates at L4 where it divides into the left and right
common iliac arteries
the left and right ___ form the aortic hiatus. the thoracic duct sits to which side of the aorta
crus, right
root of THE mesentery sits anterior to
abdominal aorta
the celiac artery, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, and median sacral arteries are special branches of the abdominal aorta because they are
unpaired
distenstion/weakening of the vascular wall
aneurism
this branch from the aorta branches directly inferiorly to the aortic hiatus and is surrounded by plexus and ganglia. 3 major branches come from it: left gastric, common hepatic, and splenic.
celiac trunk
this artery branches from celiac trunk to lesser curvature of stomach
left gastric a.
the common hepatic a. splits into
proper hepatic and gastroduodenal a.
this tortuous artery comes from celiac trunk, runs posterior to stomach and superior to pancreas and ends in several branches
splenic
contents of the portal triad (hepatoduodenal ligament)
hepatic artery
portal vein
bile duct
the ___ vein runs into liver tissue along with the hepatic artery and blood is drained from this tissue by ___ veins
portal, hepatic
the ___ receives blood supply from both the superior mesenteric artery and the celiac trunk
pancreas
superior pancreaticoduodenal a. arises from ___ whereas the inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. arises from the ___ (and splits into anterior and posterior branches)
celiac, superior mesenteric
small intestine (jejunum and ileum) blood supply comes from
superior mesenteric
the ileocolic a. comes from ___ and splits into posterior cecal branch, anterior cecal branch, ileal branch, and appendicular branch.
superior mesenteric
this a. supplies derivatives of the hind gut (sigmoid, rectum, colon)
inferior mesenteric
the ___ system of capillaries carries nutrient rich (O2 poor) blood from the digestive system to the liver and sits posterior to the pancreas
hepatic portal
the hepatic portal system ends as this valve-less vein which begins at the convergence of the splenic vein, superior and inferior mesenteric
portal vein
the point where the portal system enters the liver after traveling through the hepatoduodenal ligament
porta hepatis
the esophagus contains a sub mucous venous plexus as well as overlapping drainage of blood to which two systems
azygous (superior)
portal (inferior)
the IVC bifurcates posterior, right, and inferior to that of the
aorta
on the left side, the suprarenal and gonadal veins enter the ___ instead of the IVC directly
renal vein
veins from the GI tract normally drain into the ___ vein whereas those from posterior structures (like kidneys) normally drain into ___
portal, IVC
4 ways for blood to bypass the liver (i.e. in times of cirrhosis) possible because of no valves
esophageal
paraumbilical v.
colic to retroperitoneal v
between superior rectal/middle/inferior rectal v.
a liver with cirrhosis could result in rerouting of blood using esophageal branches of l. gastric v. and this could cause what condition (dilation of veins)
esophageal vericosities
when liver is blocked, these veins in the falciform ligament dilate causing blood to flow toward what caval system. this can cause kaput medusa (dissension of veins in abdomen)
paraumbilical veins
retroperitoneal veins that drain into lumbar veins which eventually enter IVC are called ___ and the colic veins can use this route to bypass liver
veins of retzius
vericosities and hemorrhoids can occur between superior, middle, and inferior ___ veins as blood travels to bypass the liver
rectal
