3. Pharyngeal Arch Devel Flashcards
3 components of the pharyngeal complex
CAP: cleft, arches, pouch
Component of the pharyngeal complex that includes skeletal, muscular, nerve, artery
Arch
Component of the pharyngeal complex that includes external features
Clefts
Component of the pharyngeal complex that includes internal features
Pouches
Neural crest cells derived from __ from arches 1-2 migrate to the face to give rise to bone and cartilage
Mesenchyme
This embryological tissue forms the facial skeleton
Neural crest cells
This embryological tissue will become posterior neurocranium and basicranium
Mesoderm
The migrating neural crest in the first arch include the formation of ___ which eventually becomes the malleus, incus, and mandible
Meckel’s cartilage
The developing face (including frontonasal and maxillary and mandibular portions) are all derived from which pharyngeal arch
1
Dorsal. To the first. Arch is an elevation formed by __ which is the sensory ganglion for nerve supplying all tissue from first arch
Trigeminal ganglion
Name for the embryological opening that will become the mouth
Stomodeum
A nasal cavity is derived from these embryological depressions
Nasal placodes
What 3 prominences need to meet for normal formation of the upper lip
Nasomedial, nasolateral, maxillary
Muscles of mastication are derived from which pharyngeal arch
1
Muscles of facial expression are derived from which pharyngeal arch
2
What muscle is a derivative of pharyngeal arch 3
Stylopharyngeus
Levator veli palatini, pharyngeal muscles, intrinsic muscles of larynx are all derived from which pharyngeal arch
4, 6
Temporalis, masseter, mylohyoid, and anterior belly of digastric are all muscles os __ and derived from pharyngeal arch __
Mastication, 1
Buccinator, orbicularis oris, posterior digastric, and platysma are all muscles of __ and derived from pharyngeal arch __
Facial expression, 2
Arch 1 features are innervated by
Trigeminal (V3)
Derivatives of arch 2 are innervated by
Facial nerve
Derivatives of arch 3 are innervated by
Glossopharyngeal
Derivatives of arch 4 are innervated by
Vagus
The pharyngeal region of a developing embryo surrounds the __ which will develop into upper respiratory and digestive systems
Foregut
This transcription factor makes the tongue mobile and moves it out of the way so the 2 pieces of maxilla may fuse
Tbx22
Signal that directs location of palatal shelves
Bone morphogenic proteins (BMP)
Signal that directs early induction of facial primordia helping palatal shelves to fuse
Shh
Condition where tbx22 is mutated and frenulum of tongue connects in anterior oral cavity
Ankyloglossia
Separation. Or opening. In structure of. The. Face (derivatives of arch 1)
Oro-facial cleft
Condition resulting in open communication between oral. And nasal cavities requiring bone grafts and orthodontic treatment
Complete cleft palate
This structure carries the upper central 4 teeth and is unattached in the case of complete cleft palate, bilateral
Premaxilla
When there is hypoplasia or incomplete fusion of maxillary and mandibular prominences it results in lateral facial clefts which present as large mouth also known as
Macrostomia
Underdevelopment of structures associated with arch 1: downward slant to eyes, small mandible, autosomal dominant disease found on chromosome 5
Treacher-collins syndrome
disease involving Severe underdevelopment of the mandible, tongue cannot move downwards and often this results in airway obstruction or cleft palate
Pierre robin sequence
Cartilage that develops into the skeletal elements of arch 2
Reichert’s
Stapes, styloid process, hyoid bone, and stylohyoid ligament are all derivatives of which pharyngeal arch
2
Derivatives of which pharyngeal arch becomes laryngeal carilage
4, 6
The first pharyngeal cleft deepens to. Form what adult. Structures
External auditory meatus and canal
The first pharyngeal pouch becomes the
Auditory tube
Between the first pouch and cleft lies what adult structure
Tympanic membrane
Underneath the endoderm of the second pouch develops depressions and mesoderm here differentiates into lymph tissue that is called what
Palatine tonsils
dorsally Pouch 3 develops into the
inferior Parathyroid glands
Ventrally the 3rd pouch differentiates into
Thymus gland
The 4the parathyroid gland is derived from pharyngeal pouch #___ and ends up superior to parathyroid glands 1-3
4
The fourth pouch gives rise to an ultimobranchial body which differentiates into what type of cells that produce calcitonin
Parafollicular cells
Chromosomal deletion with hypoparathyroidism/ hypoplastic/ absent thymus (low blood ca) resulting in immune problems, heart defects, learning difficulties
Digeorge syndrome
This structure comes from pharygeal arches 1-3 and muscles of occipital somites
Tongue
Base of tongue derives from which pharyngeal arch
Third
Intrinsic muscles of the. Tongue innervated by.
Hypoglossal n.
Posterior 1.3 of the tongue is innervated by __ n. For taste and sensation
Glossopharyngeal
Anterior 2.3 of the tongue is innervated by ___ for sensation and __ for taste
Trigeminal, facial
The thyroid does. Not come from a pharyngeal. Pouch but rather from a __. Forming from endoderm in the floor of the pharynx then migrates anterior to the trachea
Diverticulum
Ectopic thyroid tissue can present as cysts that may rupture which is termed
Thyroglossal fistula
