3. Pharyngeal Arch Devel

Question 1

3 components of the pharyngeal complex

Answer 1

CAP: cleft, arches, pouch

Question 2

Component of the pharyngeal complex that includes skeletal, muscular, nerve, artery

Answer 2

Arch

Question 3

Component of the pharyngeal complex that includes external features

Answer 3

Clefts

Question 4

Component of the pharyngeal complex that includes internal features

Answer 4

Pouches

Question 5

Neural crest cells derived from __ from arches 1-2 migrate to the face to give rise to bone and cartilage

Answer 5

Mesenchyme

Question 6

This embryological tissue forms the facial skeleton

Answer 6

Neural crest cells

Question 7

This embryological tissue will become posterior neurocranium and basicranium

Answer 7

Mesoderm

Question 8

The migrating neural crest in the first arch include the formation of ___ which eventually becomes the malleus, incus, and mandible

Answer 8

Meckel’s cartilage

Question 9

The developing face (including frontonasal and maxillary and mandibular portions) are all derived from which pharyngeal arch

Answer 9

1

Question 10

Dorsal. To the first. Arch is an elevation formed by __ which is the sensory ganglion for nerve supplying all tissue from first arch

Answer 10

Trigeminal ganglion

Question 11

Name for the embryological opening that will become the mouth

Answer 11

Stomodeum

Question 12

A nasal cavity is derived from these embryological depressions

Answer 12

Nasal placodes

Question 13

What 3 prominences need to meet for normal formation of the upper lip

Answer 13

Nasomedial, nasolateral, maxillary

Question 14

Muscles of mastication are derived from which pharyngeal arch

Answer 14

1

Question 15

Muscles of facial expression are derived from which pharyngeal arch

Answer 15

2

Question 16

What muscle is a derivative of pharyngeal arch 3

Answer 16

Stylopharyngeus

Question 17

Levator veli palatini, pharyngeal muscles, intrinsic muscles of larynx are all derived from which pharyngeal arch

Answer 17

4, 6

Question 18

Temporalis, masseter, mylohyoid, and anterior belly of digastric are all muscles os __ and derived from pharyngeal arch __

Answer 18

Mastication, 1

Question 19

Buccinator, orbicularis oris, posterior digastric, and platysma are all muscles of __ and derived from pharyngeal arch __

Answer 19

Facial expression, 2

Question 20

Arch 1 features are innervated by

Answer 20

Trigeminal (V3)

Question 21

Derivatives of arch 2 are innervated by

Answer 21

Facial nerve

Question 22

Derivatives of arch 3 are innervated by

Answer 22

Glossopharyngeal

Question 23

Derivatives of arch 4 are innervated by

Answer 23

Vagus

Question 24

The pharyngeal region of a developing embryo surrounds the __ which will develop into upper respiratory and digestive systems

Answer 24

Foregut

Question 25

This transcription factor makes the tongue mobile and moves it out of the way so the 2 pieces of maxilla may fuse

Answer 25

Tbx22

Question 26

Signal that directs location of palatal shelves

Answer 26

Bone morphogenic proteins (BMP)

Question 27

Signal that directs early induction of facial primordia helping palatal shelves to fuse

Answer 27

Shh

Question 28

Condition where tbx22 is mutated and frenulum of tongue connects in anterior oral cavity

Answer 28

Ankyloglossia

Question 29

Separation. Or opening. In structure of. The. Face (derivatives of arch 1)

Answer 29

Oro-facial cleft

Question 30

Condition resulting in open communication between oral. And nasal cavities requiring bone grafts and orthodontic treatment

Answer 30

Complete cleft palate

Question 31

This structure carries the upper central 4 teeth and is unattached in the case of complete cleft palate, bilateral

Answer 31

Premaxilla

Question 32

When there is hypoplasia or incomplete fusion of maxillary and mandibular prominences it results in lateral facial clefts which present as large mouth also known as

Answer 32

Macrostomia

Question 33

Underdevelopment of structures associated with arch 1: downward slant to eyes, small mandible, autosomal dominant disease found on chromosome 5

Answer 33

Treacher-collins syndrome

Question 34

disease involving Severe underdevelopment of the mandible, tongue cannot move downwards and often this results in airway obstruction or cleft palate

Answer 34

Pierre robin sequence

Question 35

Cartilage that develops into the skeletal elements of arch 2

Answer 35

Reichert's

Question 36

Stapes, styloid process, hyoid bone, and stylohyoid ligament are all derivatives of which pharyngeal arch

Answer 36

2

Question 37

Derivatives of which pharyngeal arch becomes laryngeal carilage

Answer 37

4, 6

Question 38

The first pharyngeal cleft deepens to. Form what adult. Structures

Answer 38

External auditory meatus and canal

Question 39

The first pharyngeal pouch becomes the

Answer 39

Auditory tube

Question 40

Between the first pouch and cleft lies what adult structure

Answer 40

Tympanic membrane

Question 41

Underneath the endoderm of the second pouch develops depressions and mesoderm here differentiates into lymph tissue that is called what

Answer 41

Palatine tonsils

Question 42

dorsally Pouch 3 develops into the

Answer 42

inferior Parathyroid glands

Question 43

Ventrally the 3rd pouch differentiates into

Answer 43

Thymus gland

Question 44

The 4the parathyroid gland is derived from pharyngeal pouch #___ and ends up superior to parathyroid glands 1-3

Answer 44

4

Question 45

The fourth pouch gives rise to an ultimobranchial body which differentiates into what type of cells that produce calcitonin

Answer 45

Parafollicular cells

Question 46

Chromosomal deletion with hypoparathyroidism/ hypoplastic/ absent thymus (low blood ca) resulting in immune problems, heart defects, learning difficulties

Answer 46

Digeorge syndrome

Question 47

This structure comes from pharygeal arches 1-3 and muscles of occipital somites

Answer 47

Tongue

Question 48

Base of tongue derives from which pharyngeal arch

Answer 48

Third

Question 49

Intrinsic muscles of the. Tongue innervated by.

Answer 49

Hypoglossal n.

Question 50

Posterior 1.3 of the tongue is innervated by __ n. For taste and sensation

Answer 50

Glossopharyngeal

Question 51

Anterior 2.3 of the tongue is innervated by ___ for sensation and __ for taste

Answer 51

Trigeminal, facial

Question 52

The thyroid does. Not come from a pharyngeal. Pouch but rather from a __. Forming from endoderm in the floor of the pharynx then migrates anterior to the trachea

Answer 52

Diverticulum

Question 53

Ectopic thyroid tissue can present as cysts that may rupture which is termed

Answer 53

Thyroglossal fistula