2. Posterior Ab Wall/ Pelvis Flashcards
which posterior abdominal wall muscle is the primary hip flexor
psoas major
muscle which sits within the iliac fossa and attaches to lesser trochanter
iliacus
muscle originates on T12 and L1 vertebra, inserts on pectineal line of superior rams of pubis, and acts to extend/flex trunk
psoas minor
most lateral muscle of post ab wall, innervated by T12-L4
quadratus lumborum
posterior abdominal wall muscle innervated by femoral n.
iliacus
the 3 peripheral origins (sternal, costal, lumbar) of the diaphragm insert on
central tendon
which diaphragm crus is longer, wrapping around the anterior portion of the aortic hiatus
right
which ligament of diaphragm is over the aorta
median arcuate
which ligament of diaphragm is over the psoas major and sympathetic trunks
medial arcuate
which ligament of diaphragm is over the quadrates lumborum and subcostal n.
lateral arcuate
this area of the diaphragm has potential to herniate (not a hiatus)
vertebrocostal triangle
diaphragm opening for aortic hiatus (and thoracic duct) occurs at
T12
diaphragm opening for esophageal hiatus (and vagal trunk and lymphatics) occurs at
T10
diaphragm opening for caval hiatus (and phrenic n. and lymph from liver) occurs at
T8
the superior epigastric vessels cross the diaphragm at the ____ hiatus
sternocostal
while motor information to diaphragm is all from phrenic n. sensory information utilizes both the phrenic nerve and
intercostal nerves (peripheral diaphragm)
4 unpaired arteries of the abdominal aorta
celiac trunk, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, and median sacral
left and right gonadal arteries arise directly from the abdominal aorta unlike gonadal veins: the left drains to ___ and the right drains to ___
L renal v. , IVC
sympathetic innervation to the ___ does not synapse before reaching its destination allowing quick injection of adrenaline into bloodstream
suprarenal gland
two pathways involved in sympathetic innervation to gut
splanchnic and suprarenal
two pathways involved in parasympathetic innervation to gut
pelvic splanchnic and vagus n.
the ureter descends from the kidney posterior to ___ and then anterior to ___
gonadal aa. ; common iliac a.
the ___ kidney is inferior to the other by ~1 vertebral segment because of the ___
right, liver
5 renal segments
superior/ apical, antero-superior, antero-inferior, inferior, posterior
there are 4 ___ segments but only 3 ___ segments of each kidney
anterior, posterior
after secretion from the renal pyramid, urine flows through the _____ to renal pelvis to ureter
papilla to minor calyx to major calyx
peritoneum from anterior abdominal walls lies loosely over the __ allowing expansion
bladder
superior rectal a. arises from what
inferior mesenteric a.
potential space filled with fat and CT between pubic symphysis and bladder
prevesical space (retropubic)
parietal pelvic fascia is continuous with
transversalis fascia
potential space between sacrum and rectum
retrorectal (presacral) space
Endopelvic fascia condenses to form ligaments such as
Sacrouterine ligament
Ligaments that carry uterine artery
Transverse cervical ligament
Ligament in men that is analogous to the pubovesical ligament in females (condensation of visceral endopelvic fascia)
Puboprostatic ligament
Structure separates rectum from prostate and seminal vesicles
Rectovesical Septum
infection within anal canal that can spread to ischioanal fossae through postanal spaces to the other side of the body
ischioanal abcesses
muscular tubes that push urine to the bladder using peristalsis
ureter
3 places where urinary calculi catch (constrictions of ureter)
kidney hilum, crossing pelvic brim, bladder entry
ureter is crossed anteriorly by ___ before entering the bladder (water under the bridge)
uterine artery & ductus deferens
4 parts of the bladder
apex, base, body, neck
the ___ muscle makes up bladder walls
detrusor
smooth, thickened area inside the bladder defined by opening for 2 ureters and the urethra
trigone
parasympathetic bladder innervation include motor control of
detrusor m.
4 portions of male urethra
intramural, prostatic, membranous, spongy
autonomic control of the internal urethral sphincter (between what two portions of urethra?) keeps semen from entering bladder
intramural and prostatic
where seminal vesicles empty into urethra
seminal colliculus
structure that allows ejaculatory ducts to open
prostatic utricle
dilated terminal portion of the rectum superior to anorectal line (which joins top of anal columns)
rectal ampulla
the ____ portion of legator ahi muscle forms a sling at the anorectal junction forming anorectal flexure
puborectalis
line joining top of anal columns
anorectal line
line joining inferior ends of anal valves
pectinate line
nerves above the pectinate line are __ whereas those below are ___
visceral, somatic
this artery begins at aorta, passes anteriorly to the ureter, crosses back to the center at the common iliac bifurcation, and runs in the suspensory ligament
ovarian a.
small a. that arises from the aorta near the bifurcation into common iliac aa.
median sacral
most pubic veinous plexuses drain into
internal iliac v.
anatomical overlap (and maybe high BP or cirrhosis) leads to ___
rectal hemorrhoids
hemorrhoids due to excess abdominal pressure and straining occur at ___ rectal v. plexus
external
lymph drainage: prostate and uterus drain to ___, bladder drains to ___, and perineal structures drain to __ inguinal nodes
internal, external, superficial
sympathetic n. supply to pelvis
sacral splanchnics
parasympathetic n. supply to pelvis (S2-4)
pelvic splachnics
the pelvic pain line follows the __. pain above this line follows sympathetics, pain below follows parasympathetics
peritoneum
nerves of the sacral plexus sit on surface of what muscle
piriformis
pelvic plexuses (rectal, vesicle, prostatic, and uterovaginal) together make up what plexus
inferior hypogastric
what portion of the legator ani muscle is support for vagina
pubovaginalis
