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Anatomy > 2. Urogenital Development > Flashcards

2. Urogenital Development Flashcards

1
Q

the urogenital ridge (nephrogenic cord) arises from the __ of the trilaminar disc before giving rise to urinary and genital system

A

intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

what are the 3 kidneys that originally develop from nephrogenic cord

A

pronephric, mesonephric, metanephric

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3
Q

which of the 3 kidneys contains functional glomeruli in week 4 and becomes ductus deferens in males around week 10

A

mesonephros

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4
Q

what is the exit point of urinary system into amniotic cavity

A

cloaca

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5
Q

which of the 3 kidneys splits into two parts: ureteric bud and a mass of mesoderm

A

metanephros

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6
Q

renogenesis (kidney development) is dependent on reciprocal induction by

A

RA

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7
Q

the renogenic mesoderm established by an RA gradient is the ___ which secretes growth factors inducing growth of ureteric bud from the caudal portion of mesonephric duct

A

metanephric blastema

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8
Q

the ureteric bud secretes growth factors stimulating metanephric blastema to become what two adult structures

A

glomeruli, kidney tubules

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9
Q

the ureteric bud becomes what adult structures

A

collecting duct, minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter

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10
Q

urine is produced by the metanephros to supplement amniotic fluid in utero, what is the condition of insufficient amniotic fluid

A

oligohydramnios

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11
Q

oligohydramnios can be indicative of what two conditions

A

bilateral renal agenesis, urethral obstruction

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12
Q

aberrant (accessory) renal arteries may enter kidney only cause problems when they enter at a pole obstructing

A

ureter

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13
Q

no kidneys develop in this condition diagnosed by oligohydramnios (results in potter’s syndrome)

A

renal agenesis

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14
Q

renal fusion can prevent rotation of hilum to midline or prevent ascension causing wrong placement aka

A

ectopic kidney

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15
Q

fused kidneys (horseshoe) usually found inferior to what major aortic artery

A

inferior mesenteric

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16
Q

cancer of kidney caused by WT1 gene mutations characterized by blood in urine

A

wilms tumor

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17
Q

the cloaca (common urogenital outflow in utero) gets divided by the __ into dorsal and ventral portions

A

urorectal septum

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18
Q

common urogenital outflow in utero occurs through what structure

A

cloaca

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19
Q

the cloaca when divided by urorectal septum dorsally becomes __ and ventrally becomes __

A

rectum, bladder

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20
Q

failure of __ to retract completely and close from the umbilicus leads to leakage of fecal matter

A

vitteline duct

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21
Q

failure of __ to retract completely and close from the umbilicus to become urachus leads to leakage of urine

A

alantois

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22
Q

two structures that preliminarily open into the bladder, one of which gets displaced to the prostate gland in males so that semen does not enter the bladder

A

ureteric bud, mesonephric duct

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23
Q

the triangular region of the mesonephric duct incorporated into the bladder wall forms the

A

trigone

24
Q

along with being patent (fistula, failing to close) what other anomaly can occur with the urachus causing an abdominal mass

A

urachal cyst

25
Q

the embryo remains genitally undifferentiated until what week of development

A

6

26
Q

male versus female external genitalia can be recognized at what week of development

A

12

27
Q

fetal sex is determined by encoding what region of chromosome 46

A

SRY

28
Q

synthesis of what triggers male development? When it’s not expressed default is female

A

SRY protein (TDF)

29
Q

SRY triggers the development of ___ into the wolffian duct which become epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct

A

leydig cells

30
Q

SRY causes __ to develop signaling the mullein ducts to degenerate preventing female development

A

sertoli cells

31
Q

the absence of SRY allows __ to develop which become fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper part of vagina

A

mullerian duct

32
Q

the absence of SRY means leydig cells do not develop and thus testosterone does not signal ___ to become male genitalia

A

wolffian ducts

33
Q

duct that plays the most essential role in male development

A

mesonephric

34
Q

duct that plays the most essential role in female development

A

paramesonephric

35
Q

gonads develop from intraembryonic coelom, intermediate mesoderm and ___ from yolk sac which invade dorsal mesentery and migrate to urogenital ridge

A

primordial germ cells

36
Q

primary sex cords are aggregates that become gonad which has an outer cortex (becomes ___ in female) and inner medulla (becomes ___ in males)

A

ovary, testes

37
Q

in females, the paramesonephric duct becomes

A

oviduct, uterus, upper vagina

38
Q

in females, the mesonephric duct becomes

A

regresses

39
Q

in females, the urogenital sinus

A

remains open

40
Q

in females, the genital tubercle becomes

A

clitoris

41
Q

in females, the labioscrotal swellings become

A

vulva

42
Q

in males, the paramesonephric ducts

A

regress

43
Q

in males, the urogenital sinus becomes

A

urethra, protate

44
Q

in males, mesonephric ducts become

A

ductus deferens, epidydymis

45
Q

in males, the genital tubercle becomes

A

penis

46
Q

in males, the labioscrotal swellings become

A

scrotum

47
Q

urogenital folds become __ in males

A

shaft

48
Q

urogenital folds become __ in females

A

labia minora

49
Q

2 uterus, 2 vagina (paramesonephric duct anomoly)

A

uterus didelphys

50
Q

2 uterus, 1 vagina (paramesonephric duct anomoly)

A

uterus bicornis

51
Q

(paramesonephric duct anomoly) closure of cervix or vagina

A

atresia

52
Q

anomoly resulting in missing uterine tube, uterus, upper vagina (paramesonephric ducts don’t develop)

A

mullerian agenesis

53
Q

incomplete fusion of urethral fold in males (occurring at glans, shaft, scrotal, perineal) harder to treat the closer it occurs to the body

A

hypospadias

54
Q

46 XX individual who undergoes excess adrenal androgen production in utero and forms genitalia that may be masuclinization of external genitalia: labial fusion, phallic urethra, but normal ovaries

A

adrenal hyperplasia

55
Q

46 XY individual with receptors unresponsive to androgens thus failure to masculinize and secondary female sex characteristics form at puberty- X linked

A

AIS Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome

56
Q

autosomal recessive condition where testosterone cannot be converted to DHT thus child has ambiguous genitalia, normal ductus deferens

A

5ARD

Anatomy (12 decks)

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