GI Development Flashcards
Transcription factor directing development of the esophagus
SOX2
Transcription factor directing development of the duodenum and pancreas
PDX1
Transcription factor directing development of the small intestine
CDXC
Transcription factor directing development of the large intestine
CDXA
This is a reflection of the parietal peritoneum onto the gut tube
Dorsal mesentery
Esophagus, stomach, first half of the duodenum, liver, gall bladder, pancreas and spleen are all components of the ___ and blood is supplied by __
Foregut, celiac artery
Second half duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, and 2/3 of transverse colon are all structures of the ___ and receive blood from __
Midgut, superior mesenteric a.
Last third of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, upper anal canal are all components of ___ and receive blood from ___
Hindgut, inferior mesenteric
___ initiates signaling and the _____ gradient controls expression of transcription factors that control gut tube development
SHH, RA
Splanchnic innervation to the foregut
Greater splanchnic n.
Splanchnic innervation to the midgut
Lesser splanchnic n.
Splanchnic innervation to the hindgut
Least splanchnic n.
Preganglionic cell bodies. That go to the foregut
T5-T9
Preganglionic cell bodies. That go to the midgut
T9-T12
Preganglionic cell bodies. That go to the hindgut
T12-L2
Autonomic innervation to the foregut and midgut
Vagus n. (CN V)
Autonomic innervation to the hindgut from S2-S4 follows
pelvic splanchnic nerves
What two structures originally flow into the umbilicus and can cause problems after birth when patent (normally develop into the median umbilical ligament)
Uranus/ allantois, vitelline duct
Narrowed esophagus due. To incomplete recanalization or vascular abnormalities that compromise blood flow
Esophageal stenosis
Occluded esophagus due. To incomplete recanalization or vascular abnormalities that compromise blood flow
Esophageal atresia
This condition. Can lead to. Inflammation in the esophagus due to stomach acid
Barrett’s esophagus
Condition where stomach bulges above diaphragm
Hiatal hernia
An extra structure posterior to the esophagus at the back of the throat that creates a pouch
Esophageal diverticulum
The esophagus and stomach. Start as a straight tube suspended by dorsal and ventral mesentery. The ___ side grows faster requiring a 90 degree rotation in order for the stomach to fit
Dorsal
Because of rotation during development, the left vagus n. Becomes the ___ trunk and the right vagus n. Becomes the ___ trunk as it enters the stomach
Anterior, posterior
This condition results in projectile vomiting with no bile in infants
hypertrophic Pyloric stenosis
The double bubble sign is indicative of. What disease? (Radiograph showing gas in stomach and duodenum but nowhere distally)
Duodenal atresia
The gall bladder and cystic duct are outgrowths of the
Bile duct
The liver connects to the posterior body wall via the
Falciform ligament
The growing liver divides ___ mesentery into the falciform ligament and lesser omentum
Ventral
The fibrous remnant of the ductus venosus is called the
Ligamentum venosum
The obliterated left umbilical vein is called the
Ligamentum teres hepatis
Condition where. Incomplete canalization of. The bile duct occurs. Results in jaundice, dark urine, pale stool
Extra hepatic biliary atresia
Transcription factor expressed to develop the pancreas and duodenum
PDX1
Transcription factor expressed to develop cells secreting insulin, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide
PAX4
Transcription factor expressed when creating cells that secrete glucagon
PAX6
The biliary system (___ and ___) arises as tubular structure form caudal portion of hepatic diverticulum
Gallbladder, cystic duct
The dorsal and ventral ___ fuse after rotating around the duodenum
Pancreas
Main source of drainage from pancreas is pancreatic duct which joins _____ at the level of minor papilla
The common bile duct
This condition presents as duodenal obstruction, but is actually the result of another organ compressing this structure
Annular pancreas
Gut atresia/stenosis that occurs in the upper duodenum is likely caused by failure to ____ whereas. In the canal duodenum we expect ____ compromise
Recanalize, vascular
The gut loops into the umbilical cord during development, a physiologic ___
Herniation
Malrotation of the gut as it renters the umbilicus can result in abnormal twisting causing obstruction. This is called ___ and can cause bloat
Volvulus
Herniation of abdominal midgut contents through umbilicus (covered in membrane
Omphalocele
Herniation of abdominal midgut contents through umbilicus, not additional complications (no membrane)
Gastroschisis
Failure of the vitelline duct to close resulting in fecal discharge through the umbilicus
Ideal (Meckel’s) diverticulum
Congenital lack of ganglion (neural crest failure) plexus in gut resulting in lack of peristalsis and functional obstruction
Hirschsprun’s disease
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