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Anatomy > GI Development > Flashcards

GI Development Flashcards

1
Q

Transcription factor directing development of the esophagus

A

SOX2

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2
Q

Transcription factor directing development of the duodenum and pancreas

A

PDX1

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3
Q

Transcription factor directing development of the small intestine

A

CDXC

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4
Q

Transcription factor directing development of the large intestine

A

CDXA

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5
Q

This is a reflection of the parietal peritoneum onto the gut tube

A

Dorsal mesentery

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6
Q

Esophagus, stomach, first half of the duodenum, liver, gall bladder, pancreas and spleen are all components of the ___ and blood is supplied by __

A

Foregut, celiac artery

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7
Q

Second half duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, and 2/3 of transverse colon are all structures of the ___ and receive blood from __

A

Midgut, superior mesenteric a.

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8
Q

Last third of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, upper anal canal are all components of ___ and receive blood from ___

A

Hindgut, inferior mesenteric

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9
Q

___ initiates signaling and the _____ gradient controls expression of transcription factors that control gut tube development

A

SHH, RA

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10
Q

Splanchnic innervation to the foregut

A

Greater splanchnic n.

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11
Q

Splanchnic innervation to the midgut

A

Lesser splanchnic n.

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12
Q

Splanchnic innervation to the hindgut

A

Least splanchnic n.

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13
Q

Preganglionic cell bodies. That go to the foregut

A

T5-T9

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14
Q

Preganglionic cell bodies. That go to the midgut

A

T9-T12

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15
Q

Preganglionic cell bodies. That go to the hindgut

A

T12-L2

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16
Q

Autonomic innervation to the foregut and midgut

A

Vagus n. (CN V)

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17
Q

Autonomic innervation to the hindgut from S2-S4 follows

A

pelvic splanchnic nerves

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18
Q

What two structures originally flow into the umbilicus and can cause problems after birth when patent (normally develop into the median umbilical ligament)

A

Uranus/ allantois, vitelline duct

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19
Q

Narrowed esophagus due. To incomplete recanalization or vascular abnormalities that compromise blood flow

A

Esophageal stenosis

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20
Q

Occluded esophagus due. To incomplete recanalization or vascular abnormalities that compromise blood flow

A

Esophageal atresia

21
Q

This condition. Can lead to. Inflammation in the esophagus due to stomach acid

A

Barrett’s esophagus

22
Q

Condition where stomach bulges above diaphragm

A

Hiatal hernia

23
Q

An extra structure posterior to the esophagus at the back of the throat that creates a pouch

A

Esophageal diverticulum

24
Q

The esophagus and stomach. Start as a straight tube suspended by dorsal and ventral mesentery. The ___ side grows faster requiring a 90 degree rotation in order for the stomach to fit

A

Dorsal

25
Q

Because of rotation during development, the left vagus n. Becomes the ___ trunk and the right vagus n. Becomes the ___ trunk as it enters the stomach

A

Anterior, posterior

26
Q

This condition results in projectile vomiting with no bile in infants

A

hypertrophic Pyloric stenosis

27
Q

The double bubble sign is indicative of. What disease? (Radiograph showing gas in stomach and duodenum but nowhere distally)

A

Duodenal atresia

28
Q

The gall bladder and cystic duct are outgrowths of the

A

Bile duct

29
Q

The liver connects to the posterior body wall via the

A

Falciform ligament

30
Q

The growing liver divides ___ mesentery into the falciform ligament and lesser omentum

A

Ventral

31
Q

The fibrous remnant of the ductus venosus is called the

A

Ligamentum venosum

32
Q

The obliterated left umbilical vein is called the

A

Ligamentum teres hepatis

33
Q

Condition where. Incomplete canalization of. The bile duct occurs. Results in jaundice, dark urine, pale stool

A

Extra hepatic biliary atresia

34
Q

Transcription factor expressed to develop the pancreas and duodenum

A

PDX1

35
Q

Transcription factor expressed to develop cells secreting insulin, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide

A

PAX4

36
Q

Transcription factor expressed when creating cells that secrete glucagon

A

PAX6

37
Q

The biliary system (___ and ___) arises as tubular structure form caudal portion of hepatic diverticulum

A

Gallbladder, cystic duct

38
Q

The dorsal and ventral ___ fuse after rotating around the duodenum

A

Pancreas

39
Q

Main source of drainage from pancreas is pancreatic duct which joins _____ at the level of minor papilla

A

The common bile duct

40
Q

This condition presents as duodenal obstruction, but is actually the result of another organ compressing this structure

A

Annular pancreas

41
Q

Gut atresia/stenosis that occurs in the upper duodenum is likely caused by failure to ____ whereas. In the canal duodenum we expect ____ compromise

A

Recanalize, vascular

42
Q

The gut loops into the umbilical cord during development, a physiologic ___

A

Herniation

43
Q

Malrotation of the gut as it renters the umbilicus can result in abnormal twisting causing obstruction. This is called ___ and can cause bloat

A

Volvulus

44
Q

Herniation of abdominal midgut contents through umbilicus (covered in membrane

A

Omphalocele

45
Q

Herniation of abdominal midgut contents through umbilicus, not additional complications (no membrane)

A

Gastroschisis

46
Q

Failure of the vitelline duct to close resulting in fecal discharge through the umbilicus

A

Ideal (Meckel’s) diverticulum

47
Q

Congenital lack of ganglion (neural crest failure) plexus in gut resulting in lack of peristalsis and functional obstruction

A

Hirschsprun’s disease

48
Q

X

A

X

Anatomy (12 decks)

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