medchem 16

Question 1

the increased incidence if artheroscolris and coronary heart diseases are associated with

Answer 1

diets high in saturated fats and trans fat

Question 2

the hydrolysis of phosoplipids leads to

Answer 2

• 2 fatty acids ( head: hydrophilic exposed to solvents , tail: hydrophobic at the centre )
• an alcohol ( glycerol)
• one additional compound ( phosphate )

Question 3

—- compromise the major lipid component of the cell membrane

Answer 3

phospholglycerides

Question 4

molecules will orientate to exlude — from the lipophilic ——-
and the structure of the phospholipids give the —–

Answer 4

• water ,lipophilic fatty acids tails
• good membrane forming properties

Question 5

the phospholipids bilayer allow the formation of — and controls the — aka it allows — transportt of particular cellular components and allows —- as it contains —-

Answer 5

• indivuial compartments in biological systems
• chemical environment
• allows selective transport
• allows cell recognition as it contains receptors

Question 6

nonglycerides are divided into

Answer 6

prostaglandins as: PGE2 , PGD2 , thromboxane , TXA2
steroids as: hormones and vitamines

Question 7

all steriods have the same basic structure they contains – rings made top of —- and —- and the variations occurs in the —- at particular sites which give rise to —-

Answer 7

• four rings
• 3 cylohexane , 1 cyclopentane
• substuients
• different compounds

Question 8

— is the component of all cell membrane

Answer 8

cholesterol

Question 9

functions of chlostrole:

Answer 9

• component of all cell membrane
• precursor of steroid hormones
• precursor of all bile acids and salts

Question 10

plasma membrane contains —- per —

Answer 10

one cholesterol per one phospholipids

Question 11

cholesterol in membrane — the first few —- of the phosoplipid molecule which makes the lipid bilayer —- and —- the permability to small water soluble molecules

Answer 11

• immobile
• hydrocarbons
• less deformable
• decreases the permeability

Question 12

without —- a cell would need cell wall

Answer 12

chelstrole

Question 13

— is the hardening and thickening of the major arteries which is caused by —– and conditions may lead to thrombosis m stroke and constricted limp movements
deposition of cholesterol from —- on the walls of the arteries which causes gradual build up of — and — to form —- which restricts the flow of blood and repture can cause blood clot which leads to heart attack

Answer 13

• athercolosis
• high saturated fats diet , smoking , high blood pressure are risks
• LDL
• fats , calcium leads to formation of plaque

Question 14

cholesterol is —- in water but must be move from tissue of origin aka — to tissue which is stored or consumed
in the bloodstream its transported in the form of —- such as —-

Answer 14

• insoluble
• liver
• complex lipids as: LDL aka bad cholstole and HDL good cholesterol

Question 15

—- are the combination of lipid and proteins produces — particles
proteins are called —- when they are not in complex with lipids and apo means lipid free form

Answer 15

• lipoproteins
• soluble
• apolipoprotein which can be ApoA in HDL or ApoB in LDL

Question 16

lipoproteins are complexes of:

Answer 16

• specific carrier proteins ( apoliporoteins )
• phosolipids
• triglycerides
• cholesterol
• cholesterol esters

Question 17

— are very rich in cholesterol and cholesteryl esters

Answer 17

LDL , low density lipoprotein , it transports cholesterol to cells and liver and is responsible for depostion of cholesterol in atherosclerosis

Question 18

— have relatively low cholesterol

Answer 18

HDL , high density cholesterol , tranports cholesterol to the liver and contains low levels of cholesterol and vs proteins and phosoplipids and it does NOT contribute to atherosclerosis

Question 19

hyperlipidemia refers to —– and is the most important risk factor for — and causes —- and is the leading cause of death among males and females

Answer 19

elevation of different forms of lipids in the bloodstream