medchem 16 Flashcards
the increased incidence if artheroscolris and coronary heart diseases are associated with
diets high in saturated fats and trans fat
the hydrolysis of phosoplipids leads to
- 2 fatty acids ( head: hydrophilic exposed to solvents , tail: hydrophobic at the centre )
- an alcohol ( glycerol)
- one additional compound ( phosphate )
—- compromise the major lipid component of the cell membrane
phospholglycerides
molecules will orientate to exlude — from the lipophilic ——-
and the structure of the phospholipids give the —–
- water ,lipophilic fatty acids tails
- good membrane forming properties
the phospholipids bilayer allow the formation of — and controls the — aka it allows — transportt of particular cellular components and allows —- as it contains —-
- indivuial compartments in biological systems
- chemical environment
- allows selective transport
- allows cell recognition as it contains receptors
nonglycerides are divided into
prostaglandins as: PGE2 , PGD2 , thromboxane , TXA2
steroids as: hormones and vitamines
all steriods have the same basic structure they contains – rings made top of —- and —- and the variations occurs in the —- at particular sites which give rise to —-
- four rings
- 3 cylohexane , 1 cyclopentane
- substuients
- different compounds
— is the component of all cell membrane
cholesterol
functions of chlostrole:
- component of all cell membrane
- precursor of steroid hormones
- precursor of all bile acids and salts
plasma membrane contains —- per —
one cholesterol per one phospholipids
cholesterol in membrane — the first few —- of the phosoplipid molecule which makes the lipid bilayer —- and —- the permability to small water soluble molecules
- immobile
- hydrocarbons
- less deformable
- decreases the permeability
without —- a cell would need cell wall
chelstrole
— is the hardening and thickening of the major arteries which is caused by —– and conditions may lead to thrombosis m stroke and constricted limp movements
deposition of cholesterol from —- on the walls of the arteries which causes gradual build up of — and — to form —- which restricts the flow of blood and repture can cause blood clot which leads to heart attack
- athercolosis
- high saturated fats diet , smoking , high blood pressure are risks
- LDL
- fats , calcium leads to formation of plaque
cholesterol is —- in water but must be move from tissue of origin aka — to tissue which is stored or consumed
in the bloodstream its transported in the form of —- such as —-
- insoluble
- liver
- complex lipids as: LDL aka bad cholstole and HDL good cholesterol
—- are the combination of lipid and proteins produces — particles
proteins are called —- when they are not in complex with lipids and apo means lipid free form
- lipoproteins
- soluble
- apolipoprotein which can be ApoA in HDL or ApoB in LDL
lipoproteins are complexes of:
- specific carrier proteins ( apoliporoteins )
- phosolipids
- triglycerides
- cholesterol
- cholesterol esters
— are very rich in cholesterol and cholesteryl esters
LDL , low density lipoprotein , it transports cholesterol to cells and liver and is responsible for depostion of cholesterol in atherosclerosis
— have relatively low cholesterol
HDL , high density cholesterol , tranports cholesterol to the liver and contains low levels of cholesterol and vs proteins and phosoplipids and it does NOT contribute to atherosclerosis
hyperlipidemia refers to —– and is the most important risk factor for — and causes —- and is the leading cause of death among males and females
elevation of different forms of lipids in the bloodstream
