medchem 15

Question 1

— are natural materials that are mostly insoluble in wattle but soluble in —-

Answer 1

• lipids
• organic solvents as solvents based on carbon as chloroform ChCl3

Question 2

lipids are needed for:

Answer 2

• transportation of vitamins as and,e, k in the body
• production of hormones
• formation of healthy skin
• protection of organs
• source of energy
• formation of the cell membrane

Question 3

lipids are classified as:

Answer 3

• fatty acids ( saturated and unstaurated )
  -glycerides ( glycerol containg lipids ) as ( triglyceride and phospholipids )
• non-glyceride ( steroid and protaglandins )
  -complex lipids ( as lipoproteins LDL , HDL )

Question 4

esters are — -dertaives
and their structure is —- where r2 can’t —–
esters are produced by —-

Answer 4

• carbolysic acid derives
• r1coohr2
• hydrogen and must be carbon
• esterification of alcohol and carbolic acids

Question 5

the esterification of fatty acids with glycerol produces —–

Answer 5

triglyceride which is an ester
( RECALL THE STRUCTUTE )

Question 6

simple triglyceride contains — fatty acids in — positions
mixed triglycerides contain —–

Answer 6

• same in all 3 positions
• 2 or 3 different fatty acids

Question 7

saturated fatty acids are from — and they are —room tempreture and have —- melting and boiling points
unsaturated fatty acids are from — and are — in room tempreture and have — boiling and melting points
- the difference between the physical properties can be explained by the —-

Answer 7

• animals fats , solids , high ( since they require more energy )
• vegetable oils , liquid , low (because of the increased distances ) , the double bonds are not allowed to have the same intermolecular forces to take place between the triglyceride molecules
• nature of the fatty acids chains

Question 8

hydorgenation of unsturates are used to —— which —- the ratio of unstaturated fats and can produce — so isomerisation from —-

Answer 8

• harden vegetable oil producing margins
• reduces the ratio ( from alkene to alkhane )
• trans
• from cis to trans

Question 9

are esterification reactions in equilibria? —
the reason is , in order to get a food yield of ester it must be — as it formed or an access of one reactant more be — this uses the —- principle

Answer 9

• yes
• removed , used
  -le chatelier

Question 10

easters can undergo — in —- solutions and its — in neutral solutions

Answer 10

hydrolysis in acids or bases solutions
very slow in neural solutions

Question 11

esters + h20 in acidic condition ( by adding h+ as. catalyst ) produces

Answer 11

carbolysic acid and alcohol

Question 12

esters in basic solutions ( adding 0h- ) produces

Answer 12

• carboxylate salt ( bc carboxyic acid will be deprotonated ) , alcohol , h20

Question 13

the ester reaction in basic solution is called —- and it converts —–

Answer 13

• saponification
• converts fats aka esters to soaps aka sodukum salts of fatty acids

Question 14

in — promoted reactions the ester reacts with — to produce — and — and they are — and — so they will be converted to — and —
and OH- is consumed and its speeds up the reaction but –

Answer 14

• base promoted
• oh-
• carboxlyic acid and aloxide
• strong acid and weak conjugated base
• sodium carboxylate salt and alcohol which are more stable conjugate base and weaker acid aka the alcohol
• its not a catalyst

Question 15

the saponification of animal fats with alkali produces —- and alkane hydrolysis aka saponifcation of animal fats with alkali as (NaOH) prodcues —

Answer 15

• soap
• sopa and glycerol

Question 16

cleansing of soap includes the carboxylate which is — and it dissolves in —-
and the long chain of hydrocarbon is —- and is — by water and it dissolves in —–

Answer 16

• polar and hydrophilic
• water
• non polar and hydrophobic
• repelled by water
• grease and oil

Question 17

alkaline hydrolisis is known as:

Answer 17

saponification