medchem 15 Flashcards
— are natural materials that are mostly insoluble in wattle but soluble in —-
- lipids
- organic solvents as solvents based on carbon as chloroform ChCl3
lipids are needed for:
- transportation of vitamins as and,e, k in the body
- production of hormones
- formation of healthy skin
- protection of organs
- source of energy
- formation of the cell membrane
lipids are classified as:
- fatty acids ( saturated and unstaurated )
-glycerides ( glycerol containg lipids ) as ( triglyceride and phospholipids ) - non-glyceride ( steroid and protaglandins )
-complex lipids ( as lipoproteins LDL , HDL )
esters are — -dertaives
and their structure is —- where r2 can’t —–
esters are produced by —-
- carbolysic acid derives
- r1coohr2
- hydrogen and must be carbon
- esterification of alcohol and carbolic acids
the esterification of fatty acids with glycerol produces —–
triglyceride which is an ester
( RECALL THE STRUCTUTE )
simple triglyceride contains — fatty acids in — positions
mixed triglycerides contain —–
- same in all 3 positions
- 2 or 3 different fatty acids
saturated fatty acids are from — and they are —room tempreture and have —- melting and boiling points
unsaturated fatty acids are from — and are — in room tempreture and have — boiling and melting points
- the difference between the physical properties can be explained by the —-
- animals fats , solids , high ( since they require more energy )
- vegetable oils , liquid , low (because of the increased distances ) , the double bonds are not allowed to have the same intermolecular forces to take place between the triglyceride molecules
- nature of the fatty acids chains
hydorgenation of unsturates are used to —— which —- the ratio of unstaturated fats and can produce — so isomerisation from —-
- harden vegetable oil producing margins
- reduces the ratio ( from alkene to alkhane )
- trans
- from cis to trans
are esterification reactions in equilibria? —
the reason is , in order to get a food yield of ester it must be — as it formed or an access of one reactant more be — this uses the —- principle
- yes
- removed , used
-le chatelier
easters can undergo — in —- solutions and its — in neutral solutions
hydrolysis in acids or bases solutions
very slow in neural solutions
esters + h20 in acidic condition ( by adding h+ as. catalyst ) produces
carbolysic acid and alcohol
esters in basic solutions ( adding 0h- ) produces
- carboxylate salt ( bc carboxyic acid will be deprotonated ) , alcohol , h20
the ester reaction in basic solution is called —- and it converts —–
- saponification
- converts fats aka esters to soaps aka sodukum salts of fatty acids
in — promoted reactions the ester reacts with — to produce — and — and they are — and — so they will be converted to — and —
and OH- is consumed and its speeds up the reaction but –
- base promoted
- oh-
- carboxlyic acid and aloxide
- strong acid and weak conjugated base
- sodium carboxylate salt and alcohol which are more stable conjugate base and weaker acid aka the alcohol
- its not a catalyst
the saponification of animal fats with alkali produces —- and alkane hydrolysis aka saponifcation of animal fats with alkali as (NaOH) prodcues —
- soap
- sopa and glycerol
cleansing of soap includes the carboxylate which is — and it dissolves in —-
and the long chain of hydrocarbon is —- and is — by water and it dissolves in —–
- polar and hydrophilic
- water
- non polar and hydrophobic
- repelled by water
- grease and oil
alkaline hydrolisis is known as:
saponification
