medchem 10 Flashcards
alcohols have — and its a — carbon. This carbon is attached to 3 —or —
Alchols are considered to be made up two groups which are:
- hyroxyl group (OH)
- hehtrahedral carbon
- carbon or hydrogen
- (R) part similar to hydrocarbon ( hydrophobic region )
- and another part similar to water with h-bonding( hydrophilic )
solubility — as the size of the alkyl group increased because as the chain gets longer the hydrocarbon character becomes more important
- decreases
alcohols are very weak —- aka —
browsed lowery acids aka proton donors
acidity increases as the stability of the aloxide —
increases
r-oh –> <– r-o- + h+ is called
aloxide
subsutiuents that are decreasing electron density will — the aloxide
stabilize
substiunets increasing the electron density will — the alcoxide bc — electron density due to the — oxygen
- destabilize
- high
- negative
acidity — as the number of alkyl group increases which is why tertiary alcohols are — while primary alcohols are —
decrease
weak acids
strong acids
halogens — the acidity
increase
alcohols are also – base aka —
- Lewis base
- electron pair donor
r-oh-h + h —> <— r-o-h-h+ ( aloxylonium ion ) —- is the first step of dehydration of the alcohols
- protonation
primary alcohols are — acids and — bases
- strong
- weak
alcohol reactions include in the O-H reactions are:
and the C-O bond reactions are:
- esterification reaction w/ bases
- oxydation, dehydration
dehydration of alcholoes include:
- 2 electrons from one lone pair of oxygen bonds to – to form —-
- 2 electrons from the bond will stay with oxygen leaving a — intermediate and losing of —
- loss of — and it will become the—- and the formation of —-
- h+ , protonated alcohol intermediate
- carboncation , water
- h+ , catalyst , double bond
primary carboncation are – in reactivity and are — stable
less reactive and least stable
tertiary carboncation are – in reactivity and — in stability
- high
- high
alcholes with two possible elimination will give — product and – product depending on the ZAITZEV rule which states:
— subsutuited alkene is — preferable so alkehene with the — number of alkyl group
- major product and minor product
- more , more
- greatest
oxidation of alcohols leads to:
primary alcohol:
secondary alcohol:
terityry alcohol:
the typical [O] is a jones reagent
- alcohol –> aldehyde –> carboxylic acid
- alcohol –> keton
- no oxidation bc no h to be substuited
the product of carboxylic acid and alcohol is —- in a process of — where the hydroxyl group of the crabolyxic acid will be replaced by —
- easter and water
- esterification
- aloxyl (OR) group of the alcohol
enzymes used from ethanol (primary alcohol ) to ethanal ( aldehyde ) to ethanoic acid ( carbolyxic acid ) , the foetal alcohol syndrome is due to the —
- alcohol dehydrogenase
- aldehyde dehydrogenase
- no alcohol dehydrogenase which leads to build up of alcohol which affects growth , facial malformation, and learning disabilities
— is considered to be a civ depressant
- ethanol
— is readily absorbed in the guts,lungs, and skin and its a metabolite than prevents rhodopsin formation in the eyes
- methanol which is toxic
phenols are not — because carbon is — linked to —-
paracetamol contains —- and —-
- not alcohol , trigonal carbon with 2 carbon substituents and OH
- phenol and amide
phenol + strong base as ( NaOH) leads to —- and has —– structures
= phenoxide which is very stable
- four resonance ( chrkc them in slide 24)
true or false: phenols are stronger acids than alcohol
true or false: phenols are 1 million times more acidic than cyclohexanol
true or false: phenols act as antiseptic
true
true
true
ethers have no —- which makes their boiling point — than corresponding alcholos and are — in water and they work as ansthetic bc they can enter the neural cell membrane and has hydrophobic charav=cter
- hydrogen bonding
- slower
- slightly soluble
an example of brostad Lowry acid of the alcohol
aloxide
an example of a lewis base of the alcohol
alkyloxonium
