medchem 10

Question 1

alcohols have — and its a — carbon. This carbon is attached to 3 —or —
Alchols are considered to be made up two groups which are:

Answer 1

• hyroxyl group (OH)
• hehtrahedral carbon
• carbon or hydrogen
• (R) part similar to hydrocarbon ( hydrophobic region )
• and another part similar to water with h-bonding( hydrophilic )

Question 2

solubility — as the size of the alkyl group increased because as the chain gets longer the hydrocarbon character becomes more important

Answer 2

• decreases

Question 3

alcohols are very weak —- aka —

Answer 3

browsed lowery acids aka proton donors

Question 4

acidity increases as the stability of the aloxide —

Answer 4

increases

Question 5

r-oh –> <– r-o- + h+ is called

Answer 5

aloxide

Question 6

subsutiuents that are decreasing electron density will — the aloxide

Answer 6

stabilize

Question 7

substiunets increasing the electron density will — the alcoxide bc — electron density due to the — oxygen

Answer 7

• destabilize
• high
• negative

Question 8

acidity — as the number of alkyl group increases which is why tertiary alcohols are — while primary alcohols are —

Answer 8

decrease
weak acids
strong acids

Question 9

halogens — the acidity

Answer 9

increase

Question 10

alcohols are also – base aka —

Answer 10

• Lewis base
• electron pair donor

Question 11

r-oh-h + h —> <— r-o-h-h+ ( aloxylonium ion ) —- is the first step of dehydration of the alcohols

Answer 11

• protonation

Question 12

primary alcohols are — acids and — bases

Answer 12

• strong
• weak

Question 13

alcohol reactions include in the O-H reactions are:
and the C-O bond reactions are:

Answer 13

• esterification reaction w/ bases
• oxydation, dehydration

Question 14

dehydration of alcholoes include:
- 2 electrons from one lone pair of oxygen bonds to – to form —-
- 2 electrons from the bond will stay with oxygen leaving a — intermediate and losing of —
- loss of — and it will become the—- and the formation of —-

Answer 14

• h+ , protonated alcohol intermediate
• carboncation , water
• h+ , catalyst , double bond

Question 15

primary carboncation are – in reactivity and are — stable

Answer 15

less reactive and least stable

Question 16

tertiary carboncation are – in reactivity and — in stability

Answer 16

• high
• high

Question 17

alcholes with two possible elimination will give — product and – product depending on the ZAITZEV rule which states:
— subsutuited alkene is — preferable so alkehene with the — number of alkyl group

Answer 17

• major product and minor product
• more , more
• greatest

Question 18

oxidation of alcohols leads to:
primary alcohol:
secondary alcohol:
terityry alcohol:
the typical [O] is a jones reagent

Answer 18

• alcohol –> aldehyde –> carboxylic acid
• alcohol –> keton
• no oxidation bc no h to be substuited

Question 19

the product of carboxylic acid and alcohol is —- in a process of — where the hydroxyl group of the crabolyxic acid will be replaced by —

Answer 19

• easter and water
• esterification
• aloxyl (OR) group of the alcohol

Question 20

enzymes used from ethanol (primary alcohol ) to ethanal ( aldehyde ) to ethanoic acid ( carbolyxic acid ) , the foetal alcohol syndrome is due to the —

Answer 20

• alcohol dehydrogenase
• aldehyde dehydrogenase
• no alcohol dehydrogenase which leads to build up of alcohol which affects growth , facial malformation, and learning disabilities

Question 21

— is considered to be a civ depressant

Answer 21

• ethanol

Question 22

— is readily absorbed in the guts,lungs, and skin and its a metabolite than prevents rhodopsin formation in the eyes

Answer 22

• methanol which is toxic

Question 23

phenols are not — because carbon is — linked to —-
paracetamol contains —- and —-

Answer 23

• not alcohol , trigonal carbon with 2 carbon substituents and OH
• phenol and amide

Question 24

phenol + strong base as ( NaOH) leads to —- and has —– structures

Answer 24

= phenoxide which is very stable
- four resonance ( chrkc them in slide 24)

Question 25

true or false: phenols are stronger acids than alcohol
true or false: phenols are 1 million times more acidic than cyclohexanol
true or false: phenols act as antiseptic

Answer 25

true
true
true

Question 26

ethers have no —- which makes their boiling point — than corresponding alcholos and are — in water and they work as ansthetic bc they can enter the neural cell membrane and has hydrophobic charav=cter

Answer 26

• hydrogen bonding
• slower
• slightly soluble

Question 27

an example of brostad Lowry acid of the alcohol

Answer 27

aloxide

Question 28

an example of a lewis base of the alcohol

Answer 28

alkyloxonium