medchem 14

Question 1

the carbon in the carbolyxic acid is a —- which means its linked to — with the bond angle of — it also has a —-which can be protonated like alcohol and the carbon can be attacked by a —-

Answer 1

• triagonal carbon , 3 different atoms, 120
• carboxyl group ( COOH)
• nucleophile

Question 2

the — between the particles increases the intermolecular attractions between particles are disrupted and — has to be provided to distrupt them

Answer 2

distance
energy as tempreture

Question 3

the boiling point is — due to —- and its — soluble and they exists as h-bonded dimers in — state

Answer 3

• high (118 c )
• hydrogen bonding
• water
• liquid

Question 4

— contains even number of carbons between — the chains are synthesised by —–

Answer 4

• fatty acids
• 12-20
• 2 carbon units

Question 5

saturated fatty acids have —- and the linear chains can be —-
unsaturated fatty acids have —– and the bonds are usually in — configuration

Answer 5

• no double bonds and is saturated w/ hydrogen , rotatable
• at least one double bond
• cis

Question 6

the omega refers to the position of c double bond c is always closest to — end as the oleic acids in —– fatty acids

Answer 6

methyl group
unsaturated fatty acids

Question 7

double bonds will always be separated by at least one ethylene group (-ch2-) in —– fatty acids

Answer 7

polysatyrated fatty acids
( so w/ every double bond we’ll leave a space )

Question 8

prostaglandins starts with —- in the membrane

Answer 8

phospholipids

Question 9

the phospholipase A2 frees the —- from the membrane

Answer 9

arachidonic acid

Question 10

— is a 20 carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid

Answer 10

arachdonic acid

Question 11

arcahndoic is converted into — from which the prostogadins are sythesied

Answer 11

• PG2
  (YOU SHOULD RECOGNIZE THE STRUCTURE OF PROSTOGLADIN CHECK SLIDE 13)
  postagladin strcuture:
  5-memebrerd ring , 20 carbon and COOH

Question 12

the reactions of carbolyxic acid with bases produce —
as carbolyxic acid + NaOH –>

Answer 12

• salts
• sodium carboxylate and water

Question 13

carbolyxic acids are — acids

Answer 13

weak

Question 14

the dissociation aka ionisation of carbolyxic acid produce:
carbolyxic acid + h20 –> —-

Answer 14

• conjugate base and h30+

Question 15

the Ka is —-
larger the value of Ka — the acid

Answer 15

product/ reactant so
[ conjugate base ] [ h30] / carbolyxic acid + h20
stronger

Question 16

— is the acid ionisation or acid dissociation constant

Answer 16

Ka

Question 17

which of these are the strong acid
A: ch3cooh and Ka of : 1.8 x 10 -5
B: clch2cooh and Ka os: 1.4 x 10-3

Answer 17

B

Question 18

Ka values are cumbersome to remember so — is used instead the they have —- relationship

Answer 18

• pKa = -log Ka or ( log 1/ka)
• inverse

Question 19

stronger acid has — Ka and — pka

Answer 19

• large
• small

Question 20

the reason why carbolyxic acid are stronger acids than alcohols:

Answer 20

because of the conjugate base
the carbolixic acids conjugate base is stabilised by resonance so its formed easily while the aloxide isn’t

Question 21

carboxylate anions are stabilised by — because the -ve charge is spread over —

Answer 21

resonance , 2 oxygens ( check the structure of resonance in slide 21 )

Question 22

is there resonance stabilised in aloxide ion?

Answer 22

NO

Question 23

another proof of resonance stabilisation is the —

Answer 23

carbon to oxygen bonds are different one is c=o and one is c-o ( that’s in methanoic acid )
while the conjugate base of it aka the sodium methanoate they are both identical both between single and double bond

Question 24

In RCOOH , the substituent R influences the — of the cooh group so it could be either — or —

Answer 24

acidity
electron donating or withdrawing
( CHECK SLIDE 24 )

Question 25

—- reduces the -ve charge and make the conjugate base more stable so its easily formed and makes carbolyxic acid more strong

Answer 25

• electron withdrawing group as nitro groups since its pka is low

Question 26

—- destabilise the conjugate base and makes the acid weaker

Answer 26

electron donating group as methyl groups since their pka is high

Question 27

we can synthesises carbolyxic acid and the oxidation of primary alcohol or aldehydes by using —-

Answer 27

KMn04 , a strong oxidising agent , potassium permengate

Question 28

or we could use: grind reagent with —
in grinard reagent the C-Mg bond is —
grinared reagents react with co2 to give —

Answer 28

• co2 ( rx+ mg aka alkyl halid ) —> and we use dry ether as a catalyst to produce RMGX ( the gernard reagent )
• polar
• carbokyxic acid

Question 29

oxidation of alkyl benzene with KMN04 gives and the alkyl benzene can be —– but not —–

Answer 29

benzoic acid
methyl, primary, secondary , not teritry