medchem 12

Question 1

carbonyl group w/ alpha carbon can undergo – reaction in a — solution

Answer 1

aldol , basic

Question 1

2 aldhydates in the presence of oh- ( aka basic condition) will produce — and as we add more heat and base —

Answer 1

aldol , enal

Question 2

the h is more — than the saturated hydrocarbon because of the — charge formed by — and is stabilised by —-
the c in the alpha carbon is —
while the c in the carbonyl group is —

Answer 2

• acidic
  -negative
  -deprotonation
  -resonance
• nucleophile , depreotonated by the base
• electrophile

Question 3

aldols reactions or condensation occurs when carbonyl group contains – on the alpha carbon and is in a — solution

Answer 3

• hydrogens
• basic

Question 4

— reactions involve addition reaction and requires one hydrogen on the alpha carbon

Answer 4

aldol reactions

Question 5

—- is addition followed by elimination requires 2 hydrogens on alpha carbon

Answer 5

aldol condensation

Question 6

in aldol reactions we first deprotonate the alpha carbon to — which requires a — and then nculephilic attack which produces —
this – will then be protonated to produce — and the catalyst – will be —

Answer 6

• nucleophile
• base as , oh-
• aloxide ( from nucelphile + electrophile )
• aloxide will become protonated to produce aldol + oh-
• regeneration of oh catalyst

Question 7

with more — — of aldol occurs to produce —- this is promoted by —- and —-

Answer 7

• base
• dehydration
• enal
• high temp in vitro, high concentration of oh- , or enzymes in vivo which is what can be done physically instead of using heat

Question 8

in tropocollagen moilucles they contain 3 helices of protein chains and are linked by —- aka they are linked by —- and —-

Answer 8

-hydrogen bonds
- intermolecular and intramoliuclar

Question 9

the intramoliuclar cross links are due to — and the amount of the cross linking in collegen controls its —

Answer 9

aldol condensation , mechanical strength

Question 10

the lys side chain is first oxidised by an aldehyde by —- followed by — to give—-

Answer 10

• lysyl oxidase
• adol condensation
• enal

Question 11

reduction of aldhydate produces:
oxidation of aldehyde produces:
and the level of oxidation of the carbon is –

Answer 11

• carbolyxic acid –> aldyde –> primary alcohol
• primary alcohol –> aldehyde –> carboxylic acid
• count the number of bonds between the carbon atoms and atoms DIFFERENT from H and C

Question 12

the reduction of ketone produces —

Answer 12

secondary alcohol
reducing agents to transfer the h- (hydride ) to carbonyl carbons

Question 13

reduction reactions requires

Answer 13

reducing agents to transfer the h- (hydride ) to carbonyl carbons

Question 14

oxidation of aldehyde can be done by — by which aldehydes are more readily to oxidise than ketones,

Answer 14

tollens reagents

Question 15

. tollens reagents ( AgN03) oxidises – but not —
. silver mirror deposited on side of reaction –
. ag+ gets reduced to — so ag+ is the —
. CHO gets oxidised to – so its the —

Answer 15

• aldehyde byt not keton
• vessel
• ag0
• oxidant
• carbolyxic acid
• reductant

Question 16

aldehydes can also be oxidised by – but not ketone and its a test to ——

Answer 16

• fehlings solutions
• a test to distingush between aldehyde and ketone

Question 17

. aldehyde + cu2+ + oh- —> — and – is the precipitant
. cu2+ is —
. cu2O is —

Answer 17

carbolyxic acid and cu2O will be the precipitant
blue
brick red precipitatnt

Question 18

oxidation of primary alcholos to give aldehydes but they don’t oxidise them into carbolyxic acid by — so the reaction will stop at — and it can be also used to produce keton from secondary alcohol

Answer 18

PCC , Pyridium chlorochromate
stops at the aldehyde