Med Term Chapter 3: Musculoskeletal Sys Flashcards
Common Combining Forms
oss/e, oss/i, oste/o ost/o
Bones
Bones are the framework for the body, protect internal ograns, and store
Combining Forms
Myel/o
bone marrow; also means spinal cord.
red bone marrow helps form red blood cells
yellow bone marrow stores fat.
Combining Forms
Chondr/o
Cartilage
Creates a smooth surface for motion withing ligaments.
protects the ends of bones.
Combining Forms
Arthr/o
Joint
Worth with muscles to make a variety of motios possible.
Combining Forms
ligament
ligament/o
connects bones to other bones
synovi/o, synov/o
Synovial membrane; synovial fluid
Forms the lining of synovial joints ad secrets synovial fluid.
Synovial fluid: Lubricant that makes smooth joint movements possible.
Combining Forms:
burs/o
Bursa
Cushion areas subject to friction during movement
ankyl/o
crooked, bent, stiff
cost/o
rib
crani/o
skull
-desis
to bind or tie together
kyph/o
bent or hump
lord/o
curve,swayback bent
-lysis
loosening or setting free
scoli/o
curved or bent back
spondyl/o
vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone
acetabulum
hip socket: large circular cavity in each side of pelvis.
Articulates with head of both femurs to form the hip joint.
allogenic
originating with another
ankylosing spondylitis
form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae
arthrodesis
surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint.
Arthrolysis
the surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint.
arthroscopy
the visual examination of the internal structure of a joint.
autologous
originating within the individual
avascular necrosis
an area of bone tissue death due to insufficent blood flow.
chondromalacia
abnormal softening of cartilage
comminuted fracture
a fracture in wich the bone is splintered or crushed.
compression fracture
occurs wen the bone is pressed together on itself.
costochondritis
inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum.
craniostenosis
a malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranial sutures
crepitation
grating sound heard when the ends of broken bones move together.
dual x-ray absorptiometry
Low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips. that measure bone density.
gout
type of arthritis charecterizde by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joints.
hallux valgus
an abnormal enlargment of the joint at the base of the great toe; also known as a bunion.
hemarthrosis
blood within a joint
hemopoietic
pertaining to the formation of blood cells.
internal fixation
fracture treatment using plates/pins that hold pieces of broken bone pieces in place.
juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
autoimmune disorder that affects children ages 16 years or younger.
Symptoms: stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed grow
kyphosis
abnormal increase in the utward curvature of the thoracic spine from lateral view.
AKA: humpback or dowager’s hump
laminectomy
surgical removal of a lamina from a vertebra.
lordosis
an abnormal increase in the forward curvture of the lumbar spine; AKA swayback.
lumbago
pain in the lumbar region. AKA: lower back pain
malleolus
rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint.
manubrium
bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum
metacarpals
5 bones that forms the palms of the hands
metatarsals
bones that form the part of the foot to which the toes are attached.
myeloma
type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells found in red bone marrow.
open fracture
a break in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin. AKA: compound fracture
orthopedic structure
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles. AKA orthopedist.
orthotic
mechaical applicance such as a leg brace, splint designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function.
osteitis
inflammation of a bone
osteoarthritis
common arthritis associated with aging; AKA wear and tear arthritis
osteochondroma
a benign bony projection covered with cartilage
osteoclasis
the surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity.
osteomalacia
abnomral softening of bones in adults.
osteomyelitis
inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone.
osteopenia
thinner than average bone density
osteoporosis
a marked lot of bone density and an ncrease in bone porosity; commonly assoct. w/ aging.
osteoporotic hip fracture
broken hip bone caused by weakened bones due to osteoporosis and can occur spontaneiously or due to a fall.
osteorrhaphy
surgical suturing and wiring of bones together.
Paget’s disease
a disease of unknown origin that is charecterized by extensive breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation.
pathologic fracture
When a bone breaks under normal strain because the bone has been weakned by osteoporisis or by a disease process such as cancer.
percutaneous vertebroplasty
minimal invasive procedure performed to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures of the spine.
periostitis
an inflammation of the periosteum
podiatrist
a physician who specializes in diagnosisng and treating disorders of the foot.
AKA: A foot doctor
polymyalgia rheumatica
An inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints charecterized by pain, stiffness i/neck, shoulders, hips, upper arms, hips, and thighs.
poly-multiple/many; my-muscle; algia-pain
prosthesis
a mechancical substitute for a diseased or missing body part.
prosthetic
rheumatoid arthritis
a chronic autoimmune disorder in chich the joints and some organs are attacked by its own immune system.
Causing inflammation and pain in joints
rickets
a deficiency disease occuring in children characterized by defective bone growth due to a lack of Vitamin D
scoliosis
an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
spina bifida
a congential defect that occurs during early pregnancy in which the spinal cord canal fails to close completely around the spincal cord to protect it.
spiral fracture
fracture where the bone has been twisted apart.
spondylolisthesis
forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lumbar vertebrae on the vertabrae or sacrum below it.
The tissue in the spine is bulging and slipping out.
spondylosis
a degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function.
AKA: spinal osteosrthritis
subluxation
The partial displacement of a bone from its joint
synovectomy
the surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint.
vertebrae
the bony structural units of the spincal column
periosteum
the tough fbrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone.
peri-surrounding; oste-bone; -um: a noun ending
compact bone
the dense/hard bone that forms the protective outer layer of bones.
accounts for 75% of body’s bone matter
AKA: cortical bone
spongy bone
porous sponge like bone in appearance under a microscope.
AKA called cancellous bone and is weaker than compact bone
Red bone marrow is often located in cancellous bone. (ribs, pelvic bone, and vertebrae)
medullary cavity
central cavity within long shaft of bones. Surrounded by compact bone and houses major vessels, red, and yellow one marrow.
medullary: pertaining to the inner section
endosteum
tissue that line the inside of the medullary cavity
end/o-within; ose/o-bone; -um: noun ending
red bone marrow
located within spongy bone; a hemopoietic tissue that manufactures red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and thrombocytes.
hemopoietic
means pertaining to the formation of blood cells
also spelled: hematopoietic
yellow bone marrow
functions as a fat storage area. composed of fat cells located in the medullary cavity of long bones.
most bone marrow is red at birth/through adolesc.
later roughly half is replaced with yellow bone marrow.
cartilage
smooth, rubbery, blue-white connective tissue that acts as a shock abosorber between bones.
more elastic than bone; makes up the outer ear and tip of nose.
articular cartilage
covers the surface of bones where they articulate to form joints, help aid in smooth movement between bones and protects from bones rubbing against each other.
meniscus
a crescent/curved body of cartilage found in some joints such as the knee and jaw line.
diaphysis
the shaft a long bone
epiphyses
the wider ends of long bones; which are surronded by articular cartilage to protect it.
proximal epiphyses located closer to midline of body.
distal epyphyses located farthest from midline.
foramen
an opening in a bone that houses blood vessles, nerves, and ligaments which they pass through to supply major organs
example: foramen magnum of the occiptal bone at the base of the skull.
plural form: foramina-plural skeltal openings for blood vessles and nerves
process
a normal projection on the surface of a bone. That commonly serves as an attachment for a muscle or tendon.
example: mastoid process-bony projection located on temporal bones just
joints
also called artculations; unions in the body between two or multiple bones.
classified by construction or based on degree of movement it allowes.
fibrous joints
consisting of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue. joined together by sutures. Dont allow any movment once mature as an adult
in newborns and children some fibrous joints can move before maturing an
fontanelles
flexible soft spots that help baby pass through canal during birth. present as inmature fibrous joints.
eventually matue, harden, and suture close to form a full skull
cartilaginous joints
allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage.
example: ribs connecting to sternum allows enough slight movment for bre
pubic symphysis: allows some movement to facilitate childbirth. located between the pubic bones anteriorly of the pelvis.
synovial joints
created where two bones articulate to permit a viriety of movement and motion.
ball and socket joints
hip and shoulder allow a wide range of movement in many directions
hinge joints
knees and elbows are synovial and allow movement in only one directin or along one plane
synovial capsule
outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue. surrounds the entire jpint like a protective sleeve
synovial membrane
lines the inside of the capsule and secretes synovial fluid
synovial membrane
flows within the cavity; acts as a lubricant to allow smooth movment between articulating bones
ligaments
bands of fibrous tissue that forms joints by connecting bone to bone
bursa
fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject to friction
exemple: shoulder, elbow, knee, joints where tendons passes over a bone.
appendage
anything that is attached to the major/central part of the body/skeletal system.
appendicular: pertaning to apendages.
appendicular skelt. reffers to the appendages that attch to your axial skeleton.
extremity
terminal end of a body part and usually sums the entire body part
Ex: arms and legs
