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Medical Terminology > Med Term Chapter 3: Musculoskeletal Sys > Flashcards

Med Term Chapter 3: Musculoskeletal Sys Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Common Combining Forms

oss/e, oss/i, oste/o ost/o

A

Bones

Bones are the framework for the body, protect internal ograns, and store

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2
Q

Combining Forms

Myel/o

A

bone marrow; also means spinal cord.

red bone marrow helps form red blood cells

yellow bone marrow stores fat.

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3
Q

Combining Forms

Chondr/o

A

Cartilage

Creates a smooth surface for motion withing ligaments.

protects the ends of bones.

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4
Q

Combining Forms

Arthr/o

A

Joint

Worth with muscles to make a variety of motios possible.

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5
Q

Combining Forms

ligament

A

ligament/o

connects bones to other bones

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6
Q

synovi/o, synov/o

A

Synovial membrane; synovial fluid

Forms the lining of synovial joints ad secrets synovial fluid.

Synovial fluid: Lubricant that makes smooth joint movements possible.

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7
Q

Combining Forms:

burs/o

A

Bursa

Cushion areas subject to friction during movement

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8
Q

ankyl/o

A

crooked, bent, stiff

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9
Q

cost/o

A

rib

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10
Q

crani/o

A

skull

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11
Q

-desis

A

to bind or tie together

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12
Q

kyph/o

A

bent or hump

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13
Q

lord/o

A

curve,swayback bent

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14
Q

-lysis

A

loosening or setting free

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15
Q

scoli/o

A

curved or bent back

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16
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone

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17
Q

acetabulum

A

hip socket: large circular cavity in each side of pelvis.

Articulates with head of both femurs to form the hip joint.

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18
Q

allogenic

A

originating with another

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19
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae

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20
Q

arthrodesis

A

surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint.

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21
Q

Arthrolysis

A

the surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint.

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22
Q

arthroscopy

A

the visual examination of the internal structure of a joint.

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23
Q

autologous

A

originating within the individual

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24
Q

avascular necrosis

A

an area of bone tissue death due to insufficent blood flow.

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25
Q

chondromalacia

A

abnormal softening of cartilage

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26
Q

comminuted fracture

A

a fracture in wich the bone is splintered or crushed.

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27
Q

compression fracture

A

occurs wen the bone is pressed together on itself.

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28
Q

costochondritis

A

inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum.

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29
Q

craniostenosis

A

a malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranial sutures

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30
Q

crepitation

A

grating sound heard when the ends of broken bones move together.

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31
Q

dual x-ray absorptiometry

A

Low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips. that measure bone density.

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32
Q

gout

A

type of arthritis charecterizde by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joints.

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33
Q

hallux valgus

A

an abnormal enlargment of the joint at the base of the great toe; also known as a bunion.

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34
Q

hemarthrosis

A

blood within a joint

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35
Q

hemopoietic

A

pertaining to the formation of blood cells.

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36
Q

internal fixation

A

fracture treatment using plates/pins that hold pieces of broken bone pieces in place.

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37
Q

juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

A

autoimmune disorder that affects children ages 16 years or younger.

Symptoms: stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed grow

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38
Q

kyphosis

A

abnormal increase in the utward curvature of the thoracic spine from lateral view.

AKA: humpback or dowager’s hump

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39
Q

laminectomy

A

surgical removal of a lamina from a vertebra.

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40
Q

lordosis

A

an abnormal increase in the forward curvture of the lumbar spine; AKA swayback.

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41
Q

lumbago

A

pain in the lumbar region. AKA: lower back pain

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42
Q

malleolus

A

rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint.

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43
Q

manubrium

A

bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum

44
Q

metacarpals

A

5 bones that forms the palms of the hands

45
Q

metatarsals

A

bones that form the part of the foot to which the toes are attached.

46
Q

myeloma

A

type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells found in red bone marrow.

47
Q

open fracture

A

a break in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin. AKA: compound fracture

48
Q

orthopedic structure

A

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles. AKA orthopedist.

49
Q

orthotic

A

mechaical applicance such as a leg brace, splint designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function.

50
Q

osteitis

A

inflammation of a bone

51
Q

osteoarthritis

A

common arthritis associated with aging; AKA wear and tear arthritis

52
Q

osteochondroma

A

a benign bony projection covered with cartilage

53
Q

osteoclasis

A

the surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity.

54
Q

osteomalacia

A

abnomral softening of bones in adults.

55
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone.

56
Q

osteopenia

A

thinner than average bone density

57
Q

osteoporosis

A

a marked lot of bone density and an ncrease in bone porosity; commonly assoct. w/ aging.

58
Q

osteoporotic hip fracture

A

broken hip bone caused by weakened bones due to osteoporosis and can occur spontaneiously or due to a fall.

59
Q

osteorrhaphy

A

surgical suturing and wiring of bones together.

60
Q

Paget’s disease

A

a disease of unknown origin that is charecterized by extensive breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation.

61
Q

pathologic fracture

A

When a bone breaks under normal strain because the bone has been weakned by osteoporisis or by a disease process such as cancer.

62
Q

percutaneous vertebroplasty

A

minimal invasive procedure performed to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures of the spine.

63
Q

periostitis

A

an inflammation of the periosteum

64
Q

podiatrist

A

a physician who specializes in diagnosisng and treating disorders of the foot.

AKA: A foot doctor

65
Q

polymyalgia rheumatica

A

An inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints charecterized by pain, stiffness i/neck, shoulders, hips, upper arms, hips, and thighs.

poly-multiple/many; my-muscle; algia-pain

66
Q

prosthesis

A

a mechancical substitute for a diseased or missing body part.

prosthetic

67
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

a chronic autoimmune disorder in chich the joints and some organs are attacked by its own immune system.

Causing inflammation and pain in joints

68
Q

rickets

A

a deficiency disease occuring in children characterized by defective bone growth due to a lack of Vitamin D

69
Q

scoliosis

A

an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.

70
Q

spina bifida

A

a congential defect that occurs during early pregnancy in which the spinal cord canal fails to close completely around the spincal cord to protect it.

71
Q

spiral fracture

A

fracture where the bone has been twisted apart.

72
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lumbar vertebrae on the vertabrae or sacrum below it.

The tissue in the spine is bulging and slipping out.

73
Q

spondylosis

A

a degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function.

AKA: spinal osteosrthritis

74
Q

subluxation

A

The partial displacement of a bone from its joint

75
Q

synovectomy

A

the surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint.

76
Q

vertebrae

A

the bony structural units of the spincal column

77
Q

periosteum

A

the tough fbrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone.

peri-surrounding; oste-bone; -um: a noun ending

78
Q

compact bone

A

the dense/hard bone that forms the protective outer layer of bones.

accounts for 75% of body’s bone matter

AKA: cortical bone

79
Q

spongy bone

A

porous sponge like bone in appearance under a microscope.

AKA called cancellous bone and is weaker than compact bone

Red bone marrow is often located in cancellous bone. (ribs, pelvic bone, and vertebrae)

80
Q

medullary cavity

A

central cavity within long shaft of bones. Surrounded by compact bone and houses major vessels, red, and yellow one marrow.

medullary: pertaining to the inner section

81
Q

endosteum

A

tissue that line the inside of the medullary cavity

end/o-within; ose/o-bone; -um: noun ending

82
Q

red bone marrow

A

located within spongy bone; a hemopoietic tissue that manufactures red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and thrombocytes.

83
Q

hemopoietic

A

means pertaining to the formation of blood cells

also spelled: hematopoietic

84
Q

yellow bone marrow

A

functions as a fat storage area. composed of fat cells located in the medullary cavity of long bones.

most bone marrow is red at birth/through adolesc.

later roughly half is replaced with yellow bone marrow.

85
Q

cartilage

A

smooth, rubbery, blue-white connective tissue that acts as a shock abosorber between bones.

more elastic than bone; makes up the outer ear and tip of nose.

86
Q

articular cartilage

A

covers the surface of bones where they articulate to form joints, help aid in smooth movement between bones and protects from bones rubbing against each other.

87
Q

meniscus

A

a crescent/curved body of cartilage found in some joints such as the knee and jaw line.

88
Q

diaphysis

A

the shaft a long bone

89
Q

epiphyses

A

the wider ends of long bones; which are surronded by articular cartilage to protect it.

proximal epiphyses located closer to midline of body.

distal epyphyses located farthest from midline.

90
Q

foramen

A

an opening in a bone that houses blood vessles, nerves, and ligaments which they pass through to supply major organs

example: foramen magnum of the occiptal bone at the base of the skull.

plural form: foramina-plural skeltal openings for blood vessles and nerves

91
Q

process

A

a normal projection on the surface of a bone. That commonly serves as an attachment for a muscle or tendon.

example: mastoid process-bony projection located on temporal bones just

91
Q

joints

A

also called artculations; unions in the body between two or multiple bones.

classified by construction or based on degree of movement it allowes.

92
Q

fibrous joints

A

consisting of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue. joined together by sutures. Dont allow any movment once mature as an adult

in newborns and children some fibrous joints can move before maturing an

93
Q

fontanelles

A

flexible soft spots that help baby pass through canal during birth. present as inmature fibrous joints.

eventually matue, harden, and suture close to form a full skull

94
Q

cartilaginous joints

A

allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage.

example: ribs connecting to sternum allows enough slight movment for bre

pubic symphysis: allows some movement to facilitate childbirth. located between the pubic bones anteriorly of the pelvis.

95
Q

synovial joints

A

created where two bones articulate to permit a viriety of movement and motion.

96
Q

ball and socket joints

A

hip and shoulder allow a wide range of movement in many directions

97
Q

hinge joints

A

knees and elbows are synovial and allow movement in only one directin or along one plane

98
Q

synovial capsule

A

outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue. surrounds the entire jpint like a protective sleeve

99
Q

synovial membrane

A

lines the inside of the capsule and secretes synovial fluid

100
Q

synovial membrane

A

flows within the cavity; acts as a lubricant to allow smooth movment between articulating bones

101
Q

ligaments

A

bands of fibrous tissue that forms joints by connecting bone to bone

102
Q

bursa

A

fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject to friction

exemple: shoulder, elbow, knee, joints where tendons passes over a bone.

103
Q

appendage

A

anything that is attached to the major/central part of the body/skeletal system.

appendicular: pertaning to apendages.

appendicular skelt. reffers to the appendages that attch to your axial skeleton.

104
Q

extremity

A

terminal end of a body part and usually sums the entire body part

Ex: arms and legs

105
Q
A

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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