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Medical Terminology > Chapter 3 Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ACE Inhibitor

A

Perscription med that blocks the enzyme action that causes blood vessels to constrict causing elevated BP

AKA: medicine that lowers your BP by blocking action of ACE or ACEnzyme

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2
Q

anemia

A

lower than normal count of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in the blood

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3
Q

aneurysm

A

a localized ballooon-like enlargmemnt of the arterial wall. Now leaves the artery wall weak in that local area.

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4
Q

angina

A

sever chest pain due to lack of blood flow to the myocardium (heart muscles)

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5
Q

angioplasty

A

surgical technique of mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel.

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6
Q

anticoagulent

A

medication that slows coagulation and prevents clots from forming.

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7
Q

aplastic anemia

A

a conidtion where the bone marrow has failed to produce any more erythrocytes or all formed blood cell elements.

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8
Q

arrythmia

A

loss of normal heartbeat rythm

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9
Q

atherectomy

A

surgical removal of plaque buildup in artery wall lining

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10
Q

atheroma

A

a deposit of plaque on or within arterial wall

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11
Q

atherosclerosis

A

abnormal hardening and narrowing of arteries due to cholesterol plaque buildup on artery walls

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12
Q

atrial fibrillation

A

Charecterized by having nomral rythmic atria contractions be replaced with uncontrolled twitching of the atrial myocardium

AKA: A-Fib

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13
Q

AED Machine

automated external defibrillator

A

electronic equipment that samples the hearts electrical rythm and externally shocks and restores the hearts nomral rythm when needed

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14
Q

Beta-Blocker

A

perscription med that reduces the heart’s workload by slowing down the heart rate.

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15
Q

blood dyscrasia

A

any pathologic condition or disorder of the cellular blood elements

Examples: anemia, hemophilia, blood clots, blood cancers, and sickle cel

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16
Q

bradycardia

A

abnomrally slow heart rate at rest

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17
Q

cardiac arrest

A

an event which the heart adruptly stops beating or develops an arrythmia preventing blood to pump effectively

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18
Q

cardiac catherization

A

diagnostic/treatment procedure where a catheter is passed into a vein or an artery and is guided into the heart.

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19
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

term used to described all diseases of the hearts muscle

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20
Q

carotid endarterectomy

A

surgical portioning and removal of the carotid artery lining that has been clogged by plaque leading up to the brain

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21
Q

cholesteral

A

fatty substance that travels through the body and is found in all parts of the body

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22
Q

chronic venous insufficiency

A

condition where venous circulation is inadequate due to blockage or leakage

inadequate blood delivery back to the heart

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23
Q

coronary artery disease

A

atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces blood supply to the heart muscles.

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24
Q

coronary thrombosis

A

damage to the heart muscle due to a thrombus blocking a cornary artery.

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25
Q

defibrilation

AKA Cardioversion

A

the use of electrical shock to restore the heart’snormal rythm; AKA cardioverion

26
Q

diuretic

A

Rx med used to stimulate the kidneys release of urine to decrease excess sodium and waer in the blood/body. Less fluid in result decreases the hearts workload and BP

27
Q

electrocardiogram

A

a recording of the eletrical activity of the myocardium

28
Q

embolism

A

the sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus

29
Q

embolus

A

a foreign object (clot, gas/air, or tissue) that is circulating in the blood

30
Q

endocarditis

A

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

31
Q

erythrocytes

A

mature red blood cells produced by red bone marrow

32
Q

hemoglobin

A

the oxygen-carrying blood protein pigment of the erythrocytes

33
Q

hemolytic anemia

A

condt. where an inadequate amount of RBC are circulating due to premature destruction by the spleen.

34
Q

hemostasis

A

to stop or control bleeding

35
Q

leukemia

A

type of cancer characterized by progressive increase in 3 of abnormal leukocytes (WBC) found in blood forming tissue, other organs, and circulating in blood.

36
Q

leukocytes

A

mature WBC that are involved in defending the body from infective organisms and foreign substances.

37
Q

leukopenia

A

a decrease in the # of disease-fighting WBC circulating in the blood

38
Q

megaloblastic anemia

A

blood disorder characterized by anemia in which red blood cells are larger than normal

39
Q

myeldysplastic syndrome

A

type of cancer where there are insufficent production of one or more types of blood cells due to dysfunction of the bone marrow.

40
Q

AKA: Heart Attack

myocardial infarction

A

the occlusion (blockage) of one or more coronary arties caused by plaque build up

41
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

low BP that occurs upon standing up: also known as postural hypotension

42
Q

pericardium

A

the doule-walled membranous sac that protects and encloses the heart

43
Q

pernicious anemia

A

form of anemia casued by lack of protein that absors vitamin b-12. b-12 is necessary for the formation of RBC.

44
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein

45
Q

Raynaud’s disease

A

a peripherial arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress

46
Q

sepsis

A

a potentially life-threatening infection that results from bacteria or other infectious organisms enterign the bloodstream

47
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

a genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in some red blood cells assuming an abnormal sickle shape that interferes with normal blood flow.

48
Q

tachycardia

A

abnormally rapid resting HR

49
Q

temporal arteritis

A

form of vasculitis that can casue headaches, visual impariment, jaw pain, and other symptoms

50
Q

thallium stress test

A

a diagnostic test performed to evaluate how well blood flows through the coronary arteries of the heart during exercise.

51
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

a condition in which thereis an abnormally small number of platelets circulating in the blood.

52
Q

AKA: clot busting drug/Rx

thrombolytic

A

medication that dissolves or causes a thrombus to break up.

53
Q

thrombosis

A

The abnormal condition of having a thrombus

54
Q

thrombotic occlusion

A

The blocking of an artery by a thrombus

55
Q

thrombus

A

a blood clott attached to the interior wall of a vein or artery. Can can cause a severe occlusion (blockage)

56
Q

transfusion reaction

A

a serious and potentially fatal reaction to a blood transfusion because donotr and reciepents blood type do not macth.

57
Q

valvulitis

A

inflammation of a heart valve

58
Q

varicose veins

A

abnormally swollen veins, usually occuring in the superficial veins of the legs.

59
Q

ventricular fibrillation

A

the rapid, irregular, and usuless contractions of the ventricles

60
Q
A

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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