Med Term Ch. 2 The Human Body in Health/Disease Flashcards
anamtomic reference systems
terms used to describe location, body planes, directions, and cavities
Structure of the Body
the cells, tissues, and glands that form the body systems that work together to enable the body to function properly.
Genetics
the genetic components that transfer characteristics from parents to their child.
Tissue
a grouop of similar specialized cells that work together to perform a specific functions.
glands
a cell or group of specialized cells that are capable of producing secretions
ex: sweat glands.
some galnds come from endothelial origin. glands secrete for further use and bodly function or eliminate watse form body.
body systems and related organs
somewhat independent, becuase they have their own function and purpose.
similar related organs are organized into body systems
pathology
study of the nature and cause of disease, that involve changes in structure and function
aden/o
gland
adip/o
fat
anter/o
before, front
caud/o
lower part of body, tail
cephal/o
head
cyt/o -cyte
cell
end- endo-
in, within, inside
exo-
out of, outisde, away from
hist/o
tissue
-ologist
specialist; studies and diagnosises specific bodily group processes
-ology
the schience or study of
path/o -pathy
disease, suffering, feeling, emotion
plas/i, plas/o, -plasia
development, growth, formation
ex: osteoplast: the formation and growth of bone
poster/o
behind, toward the back
ex: posterior
stasis, -static
control, maintenance of a constatnt level. State of balance/equilibrium
ex: homeostasis
abdominal cavity
cavity of the abdomen: lined w/peritoneum, bounded above the diaphragm; is continuous with the pelvic acavity and contains visceral organs (stomach, liver, pancrease, and kidneys)
Anterior to spinal column. Posteriorly to a wall of muscle and tissue.
adenoectomy
surgical removal of a gland
adenoma
a benign tumor that resembels gladnular tissue
adenomalacia
abnormal softening of a gland
adenosclerosis
abnormal hardening of a gland
anaplasia
a change in the structure of cells and their orientation to each other.
anatomy
the study of the sturctures of the body
anomoly
a deviation from what is regarded as normal
anterior
front
aplasia
incomplete or faulty development of an organ or tissue
bloodblorne transmission
the spread of disease through blood or other bodily fluids contaminated with blood.
caudal
toward the lower part of the bodyp; relating to/situated near or toward the tail
cephalic
toward the head
chromosome
genetic structure located in the nucelus of each cell.
communicable disease
any disease transmitted from one person to another directly or indirectly.
congenital disorder
an abnormal condition that occurs at the time of birth
cytoplasm
material within the cellular membrane. Houses all major organelles including the nucleus.
distal
situated furtherest from midline or beginning of body structure.
ex: Adam suffered a distal radial fracture in his left wrist.
Term describes a point of location rather orientation/positioning.
dorsal
back of the body organ
dorsal part of the brain or skull
dysplasia
abnormal gorwth or development of cells, tissues, or organs
endemic
the ongoing presence of a disease w/in a group or Pop.
ex: Covid started as a mainstrean endemic in E/SE Asia
Ex: Malaria is endemic in certain parts of Africa
endocrine glands
glands of the endocrine system that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
epidemic
sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease w/in a specific Pop.
Covid: Became a epidemic to the entire eastearn hemispere.
- an endemic can cause a epidemic, which can later lead to a pandemic.
epigastric region
located or situated above the stomach
The esphagus is situated in the epigastric region.
etiology
the study and science of disease and their causes
exocrine glands
glands that secrete chemical substances into ducts, other organs, or outisde the body
ex: sweat glands, lacrimal glands (tears), salivary glands
functional disorder
group of med. conditions that effect the normal function or flow of a system rather than the structure
chromic fatigue system and irritable bowel syndrome
genetic disorder
pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene.
geriatrician
Physcian/specialist to the geriatric population.
hemophilia
An hereditary disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing.
histology
the study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues.
homeostasis
defined as the body maintaining a constant internal environment.
An average internal temp of 98.6 is considred homestasis.
hyperplasia
an abnormal increase or formation of tissue cells that can cause enlargment to an organ.
hypertrophy
an organ or part generally increasing in size NOT due to cellular formation (hyperplasia)
-trophy- nutrition, nurture, growth
hypogastric region
region of the abdomen located below the stomach
ex: intestines are part of the hypogastric region
hypoplasia
defficient cell growth causing tissue and organs to develope inmaturely or incomplete.
iatrogenic illness
an unintentional causation and/or unfavorable response to prescribed medical treatment wether it be (surgery, drug treatment, hospitalization, or testing).
idiopathic disorder
an illness without a clear known cause
