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Medical Terminology > Lymphatic and Immune System > Flashcards

Lymphatic and Immune System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

lymph

lymph/o

A

The fluid that removes cellular waste products, pathogens, and dead blood cells from tissue.

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2
Q

Lymphatic Vessels and Ducts

lymphangi/o

A

The cappillaries, vessels, and ducts that return lymph from the tissues to the venous bloodstream.

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3
Q

Lymph Nodes

lymphaden/o

A

bean shaped structures of the lymphatic system where pathogens and other harmful substances are filtered from lymph by specialized cells of the immnue system.

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4
Q

Tonsils and Andenoids

tonsil/o ; adenoid

A

Lymphoid structures of the lymphatic system that protect the entry to the respiratory system.

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5
Q

Spleen

splen/o

A

A sac-like mass of lymphoid tissue with protective roles in both the immune and lymphatic systems.

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6
Q

Bone Marrow

myel/o

A

produces lymphocyes, which are specialized leukocytes (WBC)

Myel/o also means spinal cord

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7
Q

Lymphocytes

lymphocyt/o

A

Specialized leukocytes that play an important role in immune support and reactions

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8
Q

Thymus

Thym/o

A

A gland located in the upper chest with specialized roles in both the lymphatic and immune systems.

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9
Q

anti-

A

against

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10
Q

carcin/o

A

cancerous

Ex: carcinogen: cancerous agent

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11
Q

immun/o

A

immune, protection, safe

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12
Q

lymph/o

A

lymph node or gland

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13
Q

lymphangi/o

A

lymph vessel

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14
Q

neo-,ne/o

A

new,strange

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15
Q

-oma

A

tumor, neoplasm

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16
Q

onc/o

A

tumor

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17
Q

phag/o

A

eat, swallow

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18
Q

-plasm

A

formative material of cells

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19
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh, connective tissue

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20
Q

splen/o

A

spleen - a highly vascular ductless organ that is located in the left abdominal region near the stomach or intestine of most vertebrates and is concerned with final destruction of red blood cells, filtration and storage of blood, and production of lymphocytes

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21
Q

-tic

A

pertaining to

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22
Q

tox/o

A

poison, poisonous

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23
Q

acquired immunodeificency syndrome

A

Commonly known as AIDS. It is the most advanced andfatal stage of an HIV infection.

HIV: Human Immunodeificiency Virus

Once a patient reaches a certain T-Cell counter deificency county it is later classified as the syndrome AIDS.

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24
Q

allergen

A

a substance that produces an allergic reaction in an individual.

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25
Q

anaphylaxis

Related Term: Anaphylactic Shock

A

a severe response to an allergen in which symptoms develop quickly, and without help, the Pt can die with a few minutes

- some Pt will have an emergency Epi pen or intervening relieving agent

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26
Q

antibiotics

A

a medication that is capable f inhibiting the growth of or killing harmful pathogenic bacteria/microorganisms

Can effect healthy flora/gut bacteria

Opposite Term: Probiotics

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27
Q

antibody

A

a disease fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen.

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28
Q

antifungal

A

an agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi

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29
Q

antigen

A

any substance that the body regards as foreign.

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30
Q

antigen-antibody reaction

A

The binding of antigens to antibodies.

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31
Q

autoimmune disorder

A

Any chacrecterized condition/disease where the Pt’s own immune system will produce antibodies against it’s own tissue and cells. Mistaking healthy cells, tissue, or organs for harmful antigens.

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32
Q

bacilli

A

Rod-shaped spore-forming bacteria

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33
Q

bacteria

A

a group of one-celled microscopic organisms, some of which are pathogenic

34
Q

benign

A

not life-threatening

35
Q

candidiasis

A

an infection caused by yeast, a type of fungus

36
Q

carcinoma

A

a malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue

37
Q

carcinoma in situ

A

a malignant tumor in its original position that has not yet distributed or invaded to surrounding tissues.

38
Q

complement system

A

a group of proteins that normally circulate in the blood in an inactive form. When needed, these cells complement the ability of antibodies to eard off pathogens by combining ith them to dissolve and remove pathogenic bacteria and other foreign cells.

39
Q

cytokines

A

a group of proteins such as interferons and interlukins released primarily by the T cells thatact as intracellular signals to begin the immune response.

40
Q

cytomegalovirus

A

a group of large herpes-type viruses found in most body fluids and most often causing an infection without signs or symptoms. Can acuse a serious illness when the individual has a weakened immune system or when passed from mother to unborn child.

41
Q

cytotoxic drug

A

medication that kills or damages cells.

42
Q

ductal carcinoma in situ

A

breast cancer at its earliest stage before the cancer has broken through the wall of the milk duct.

43
Q

hemolytic

A

describes the function of destroying worn-out erythrocytes (RBC) and releasing their hemoglobin for reuse.

44
Q

herpes zoster

A

an acute viral inection cahrecterized by painful skin eruptions that follow the underlying route of the inflamed nerve.

45
Q

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

A

a malignancy of the lymphatic system taht is distinguished from non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma by the resence of large, cancerous lymphocytes.

46
Q

human immunodefieciency virus

(AKA) HIV

A

a bloodborne infection in shich the virus damages or kills the healthy Tcells of the immune system.

47
Q

immunoglubulins

A

Bind with specific antigens in the antigen-antibody response

48
Q

immunosepressant

A

a sustance that prevents or reduces the body’s normal immune response

49
Q

immunotherapy

A

a treatment of disease by either stimulating or repressign the immune response.

50
Q

infectious mononucleosis

A

an infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) that is characterized by fever, a sore throat, and enlarged lymph nodes

51
Q

infiltrating ductal carcinoma

A

Breast cancer that starts in the milk ducts, breaks through the wall of the duct, and invades the surrounding fatty breast tisue; AKA: invase ductal carcinoma

52
Q

interferons

A

produced in response to the presence of antigens, particullarly viruses or tumor cells. They navigate the immune system, fight viruses, and signal other cells to increase their defenses

53
Q

lymphadenopathy

A

any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes

54
Q

lymphangioma

A

a benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system

55
Q

lymphedema

A

swelling due to the abnomral accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues

56
Q

lymphocytes

A

one of three types pf cells that are formed in bone marrow as stem cells that act as specialized antibodies

57
Q

lymphoma

A

a general term applied to malignancies affecting lymphoid tissues

58
Q

lymphoscintigraphy

A

a diagnostic test to dectect damage or malformations of the lymphatic vessels.

59
Q

macrophage

A

a type of leukocyte that surrounds and kills invading cells.

60
Q

malaria

A

a disease caused by a parasite that lives in certain mosquitoes and is transferred to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito

61
Q

malignant

A

becoming progressively worse or is characterized to be life threatening

62
Q

mammography

A

a radiographic examination of the breasts to detect the presence of tumors or precancerous cells.

63
Q

metastasis

A

the process by which cancer is spreading to a new site; may refer to the tumor itself.

64
Q

metastasize

A

to spread from one place to another

65
Q

myoma

A

a benign tumor made up of muscle tissue

66
Q

myosarcoma

A

a malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue

67
Q

non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

A

used to describe all lymphomas othe rthan Hodgkin’s lymphoma’s

68
Q

opportunistic infection

A

caused by a pathogen that normally does not cause illness in healthy human, but is able to cause infection in a weakened host.

69
Q

osteosarcoma

A

a hard-tissue sarcoma usually involving the upper shaft of long bones, pelvis, or the knees

70
Q

parasite

A

a plant or an animal that lives on or within another living organism at the expense of that organism

71
Q

rabies

A

an acute viral infection transmitted to humans through the bite or saliva of an infected animal

72
Q

rickettsia

A

small bacteria that live in lice, fleas, ticks, and mites that transmit infection to humans

73
Q

rubella

A

a viral infection characterized by a low grade fecer, swollen, glands, and inflamed eyes, and a fine, pink rash; also known as german measles or 3-day measles.

74
Q

sarcoma

A

a malignant tumor that raises from connective tissue; plural, sarcomas or sarcomata

75
Q

spirochetes

A

long, slender spiral-shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement

76
Q

splenomegaly

A

abnormal enlargment of the spleen

77
Q

staphylococci

A

group of about 30 species of bacteria that form irregular groups or clusters resembling grapes

78
Q

streptococi

A

bacteria that form a chain

79
Q

systemic reactions

A

a severe reaction to an allergen; also described as anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock

80
Q

teletherapy

A

radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body that is precisely targeted with the use of htree-dimensional computer imaging.

81
Q

toxoplasmosis

A

a parasite that is most commonly transmitted from pets to humans by contact with contaminated animal feces

82
Q
A

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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