Digestive System Flashcards
or/o, stomat/o
mouth
Primary Function: begins preperation of food for digestion
pharyng/o
pharynx
transports food from the mouth to the esophagus
esophag/o
esophagus
once food passes through the pharynx. food is then transported through t
gastr/o
stomach
digests adn breaks down fod using gastric juices, secreted from the stom
enter/o
small intestine
mixes chyme comign from the stomach with digestive enzymes/jucies to com
col/o, colon/o
large intestine
absorbs excess water and prepares solid waste for elimination
an/o, proct/o, rect/o
rectum and anus
control the excretion of solid waste from the body
hepat/o
liver
secrets bile and enzymes to aid in the digestion of fats
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
stores bile and release it into the small intestine as needed.
pancreat/o
pancreas
secretes digestive juices and enzymes into the small intestine as needed
an/o
anus, ring
chol/e
bile, gall
cholecyst/o
gallbaldder
-emesis
vomitting
enter/o
small intestine
esophag/o
esophagus
gastr/o
liver
hepat/o
liver
-lithiasis
presence of stones
-pepsia
digest, digestion
-phagia
eating, swallowing
proct/o
rectum, straight
sigmoid/o
sigmoid/colon
aerophagia
the ecessive swollowing of air while eating or dinking, which can cause gas in the stomach
anastomosis
a surgical connection between two hollow or tubular sctructures’ plural anatomoses
antiemetic
medication administerd to prevent or relieve nausea and vomitting
aphthous ulcers
gray-white pits with a red border that appear in the soft tissue lining of the mouth; AKA canker sores or mouth ulcers
ascites
an abnormal accumilation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity
bariatrics
the branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases
borborygmus
the rumbling noise by the movment of gas in the intestine
growling stomach
cachexia
a condition of physcial wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with dieases such as cancer or AIDS
celiac disease
an inherited autoimmune diorder characterized by a severe reaction to food containing gluten; AKA gluten intolerance
cheilosis
a diorder of the lips characterized by cracklike sores at the corners of the mouth
cholangiography
a radiographic examination of the bile ducts with use of a contrast medium
choloangitis
an acute inflmmation of the bile duct characterized by pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, fever, and jaundice
cholecystectomy
the surgical removal of the gallbladder
cholecystitis
inflmmation of the gallbladder; usually associated with gallstones
choledocholithotomy
an incision into the common bile duct for the removal of gallstones
cholelithiasis
the resence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts
cirrhosis
a progressive degenerative disease of the liver by scarring
colonoscopy
the direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon, from the rectum to the cecum
colostomy
the surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface
Crohn’s disease
a chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere i the digestive tract; however, it is most often found in the ileum and in the colon
dental prophylaxis
the professional cleaning of the teeth plaque and calculus
diverticulitis
inflmmation or infection of one or more diverticula in the colon
diverticulosis
the chronic presence of an abnomral number of diverticula in the colon
diverticula
small bulging pouches that can form in the lining of your digestive tract
dyspepsia
pain or discomfort in the stomach during digestion; AKA indigestion
dysphagia
difficultiy or painful swallowing
enema
the placment of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity.
enteritis
inflammation of the small intestine caused by eating or drinking substances contaminated with viral or bacterial pathogens
eructation
the act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach
esophageal varices
enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
an endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract; this includes the esophagus, stomach, and upper duodenum
gastroduodenostomy
the establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum
gastroesophageal reflux disease
the upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus; AKA (GERD)
gastrostomy tube
the surgical placement of a feeding tube from the exterior of the body directly into the stomach.
hematemesis
vomitting of blood
Hemoccult test
a laboratory test for finding hidden blood in the stools; AKA a fecal occult test
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver usually caused by a viral infection.
herpes labialis
blisterliek sores on the lips and adjacent tissue caused by the oral herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1); AKA cold sores and fever blisters.
hiatal hernia
an anatomical abnormaility in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest through an opening in the diaphragm
hyperemesis
abnormal persistent vomitting that can cause dehydration.
ileus
the partial or complete blockage of the small intestine, large intestine, or both caused by the stopping or abnormal disruption of normal peristalsis
inguinal hernia
the protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak point in the lower abdominal wall or groin.
jaundice
a yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes caused by a large accumilation of bilirubin the blood.
leukoplakia
an abnormal white precancerious lesion (sore) that develops on the tongue or inside the cheek.
melena
the passage of black, tarry, and foul smelling stools that is caused by the presence of digested blood.
morbid obesity
the condition of weighing two or more tiem the ideal weight or having a BMI value greater than 40 AKA sevre obesity
nasogastric intubation
the placment of a feeding tube through the nose and into the stomach
obsesity
an escessive accumilation of fat in the body
palatoplasty
the surgical repair of a cleft palate or cleft lip.
peptic ulcers
sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system caused by the bacterium helicobacter pylorior or by medcations, such as aspirn, that irritate the mucous membranes.
peristalsis
a series of wavelike contractions of the intestinal smooth muscles that digest food in one direction forward for fecal elimination.
polyp
a mushroomlike growth from the surface of a mucous membrane; not all polyps are malignant.
proctologist
a physician who specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus.
regurgitation
the return of swallowed food intho the mouth.
salmonellosis
an infectious disease of the intestines that is transmitted by food contamintaed with feces; AKA salmonella
sigmoidoscopy
the endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon.
stomatitis
an inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth
trismus
any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation assocaiated with the treatment of oral cancer.
ulcerative colitis
a chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflmmation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation.
volvulus
twisting of the intestine upon itself causing an obstruction
