Mechanisms of Ventilation Flashcards
Which lung is a mis-swallowed bolus more likely to go into and why
The right lung simply because of how the trachea is shaped
Lobes of the lungs
Superior, middle and inferior lobes (no middle in left lung)
Label
Which is closer to the mouth - trachea or oesophagus
The trachea is closer to the mouth (anterior to the oesophagus)
Role of the epiglottis
It is a flap that closes the trachea up and stops food from entering
Remember diaphragmatic breathing
you learned this in school, just needed to put this for the sake of it
What major organ is right below the diaphragm
Liver
Where does the phrenic nerve originate/go through and what does it do
Cervical vertebrae - C3-5
Travels from vertebrae across anterior scalene, then goes through superior thoracic aperture, down into thorax, anterior to root of lung then passes alongisde pericardium where it enters and innervates the diaphragm
Innervates the diaphragm
What is the diaphragm attached to (on the thorax)
Anteriorly attaches into xiphoid process and costal margin; laterally attaches to ribs 6-12; posteriorly attached to T12
Directions of intercostal muscles
External intercostal muscles are like the forearms and hands in pocket; internal is the opposite
When do external intercostal muscles contract
During inspiration
Accessory muscles of ventilation
Sternocleidomastoid/sternomastoid, trapezius, scalene muscles, pecs, external intercostals
Compare and contrast the directions of movement of the sternum and ribs when lungs expand during inspiration
The sternum is like a handle that pulls anteriorly to expand; the ribs move like a bucket handle
Pleurisy
Inflammation of pleura; can be characterised by sharp chest pain, worsened during ventilation
Does the cervical pleura cross the superior thoracic aperture?
How might/might not this affect appearance?
It does cross the superior aperture at the point of the cervical parietal pleura, but there is a tough membrane around the lungs that keep it rigid and do not show ventilation