Atheroma and Complications Flashcards

1
Q

Arteriolosclerosis

A

Thickening and hardening of an arteriole wall

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2
Q

Atherosclerosis vs Arteriosclerosis

A

Arteriosclerosis is the thickening and hardening of an artery wall while atherosclerosis is arterioscleosis due to an atheroma

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3
Q

Most common causes of arteriosclerosis in large & medium arteries vs small arteries & arterioles

A

Atheroma is the most common cause of arteriosclerosis in LARGE & MEDIUM arteries

High BP is the most common cause of thickening/hardening of walls of small arteries & arterioles

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4
Q

Changes that occur in hypertensive arteriosclerosis

A

Hypertrophy of Media
Fibroblastic thickening of intima
Elastic lamina reduplication

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5
Q

Change that occurs in hypertensive arteriolosclerosis

A

Replacement of wall structures by amorphus hyaline material

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6
Q

Consequences of hypertensive vascular changes

A

Reduction of vessel lumen leads to reduced flow and thus ischaemia in supplied tissue

Increased rigidity of vessel wall leads to loss of elasticity and contractility and so the vessels lose response to normal vessel control agents

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7
Q

Atheroma and which vessel layers are affected

A

Disease of large and medium arteries that only occurs in high BP systems (ie not venous system)

Disease of tunica intima initially but later affects tunica media

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8
Q

What does an expansion of tunica intima during atheroma lead to

A

Reduction of lumen size and reduced blood flow/oxygenation of tissue

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9
Q

Consequence of ulceration during atheromas

A

Fatty tissue is exposed and a thrombus can be formed as the nasty components are exposed (Vessel occlusion)

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10
Q

Consequence of muscle fibre replacement during atheroma

A

Elasticity is lost and the vessel can undergo thinning & stretching, leading to an aneurysm

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11
Q

What can coronary artery atheroma lead to (besides MI)

A

Angina

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12
Q

What condition is predisposed when a patient gets atheromas

A

Thrombosis as a damaged and ulcerated endothelium may lead to thrombus formation

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13
Q

Aneurysm and what is its most common cause

A

Abnormal permanent focal dilatation of an artery

Most common type is secondary to atherosclerosis

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14
Q

How might damage caused to the tunica media by an atheroma lead to an aneurysm

A

Enlarging initial atheroma plaque leads to media atrophy and replacement of muscle/elastic fibres with collagen

Collagen is strong but neither contractile nor capable of elastic recoil; thus each systolic pulse leads to the stretching and thinning of arteries, particularly when BP is elevated

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15
Q

Three main types of aneurysms

A

**Blood leaks around in dissecting

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16
Q

What type of aneurysm is this

A
Abdominal aneurysm
(abdominal aorta)