Introduction to Nasal Cavity, Sinuses and Respiratory Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What divides upper and lower respiratory infections

A

Respiratory infections below the larynx are referred to as “lower respiratory infection” while those in or above it are “upper”

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2
Q

Label

A

Sphenoid is the butterfly shaped bone on the inside

Ethmoid has cribiform plate

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3
Q
A

Lines inferior to the concha are the miati (inferior miatus, middle, superior)

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4
Q

Larynx

A

Voice box

Allows air to reach the lungs (precursor to trachea)

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5
Q

Where does the frontal sinus drain into and through what

A

Middle meatus via frontonasal duct

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6
Q

Where does the sphenoidal sinus drain into

A

Sphenoethmoidal recess (gap above superior concha)

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7
Q

Which sinus cells drain into multiple different locations and why

A

Ethmoidal

There are multiple of them and they drain into different locations

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8
Q

Pharyngotympanic Tube

A

Connection between nasopharynx and ear to equalise pressure

Irrelevant, you don’t have to know this now

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9
Q

Where does the sphenoidal sinus drain into

A

Drains above conchae; sphenoethmoidal recess

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10
Q

Where does the maxillary sinus drain into

A

Middle Meatus (Quite high up) and can cause some tooth ache

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11
Q

Where do posterior ethmoidal cells drain

A

Superior Meatus

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12
Q

Where do anterior/middle ethmoidal cells drain into

A

Middle meatus

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13
Q

Where does the nasolacrimal duct drain

A

Inferior meatus

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14
Q

What is the best guess for where a sinus would drain if unsure

A

Probably middle meatus

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15
Q

Why does crying you sniffle

A

Tears go through nasolacrimal duct into inferior meatus

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16
Q

What are the paranasal air sinuses

A

Frontal, ethmoidal, maxilla

also Sphenoidal

17
Q

Cartilages of the larynx

A

9 cartilages

3 unpaired:
Epiglottis
Thyroid
Cricoid

3 paired
(don't need to know)
18
Q

What is the only full circle of cartilage in the airway

A

Cricoid cartilage

19
Q

Intrinsic vs Extrinsic Laryngreal Myscles

A

Intrinsic: Moving cartilages relative to each other; important in voice production

Extrinsic; not involved in moving cartilages relative to each other; responsible for moving the entire larynx - e.g. swallowing

20
Q

Vagus nerve

A

Cranial nerve X

loops down from the brain till the aorta and gives a branch which loops back up from the heart

Innervates basically all the intrinsic laryngeal muscles

21
Q

Which nerves innervate the intrinsic laryngeal muscles

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerves (originating from vagus) - Similar i think for extrinsic

22
Q

What goes in/out ofthe hilum of each lung

A

2 Pulmonary Veins
1 Pulmonary Artery
1 Bronchus