Introduction to Nasal Cavity, Sinuses and Respiratory Tract Flashcards
What divides upper and lower respiratory infections
Respiratory infections below the larynx are referred to as “lower respiratory infection” while those in or above it are “upper”
Label
Sphenoid is the butterfly shaped bone on the inside
Ethmoid has cribiform plate
Lines inferior to the concha are the miati (inferior miatus, middle, superior)
Larynx
Voice box
Allows air to reach the lungs (precursor to trachea)
Where does the frontal sinus drain into and through what
Middle meatus via frontonasal duct
Where does the sphenoidal sinus drain into
Sphenoethmoidal recess (gap above superior concha)
Which sinus cells drain into multiple different locations and why
Ethmoidal
There are multiple of them and they drain into different locations
Pharyngotympanic Tube
Connection between nasopharynx and ear to equalise pressure
Irrelevant, you don’t have to know this now
Where does the sphenoidal sinus drain into
Drains above conchae; sphenoethmoidal recess
Where does the maxillary sinus drain into
Middle Meatus (Quite high up) and can cause some tooth ache
Where do posterior ethmoidal cells drain
Superior Meatus
Where do anterior/middle ethmoidal cells drain into
Middle meatus
Where does the nasolacrimal duct drain
Inferior meatus
What is the best guess for where a sinus would drain if unsure
Probably middle meatus
Why does crying you sniffle
Tears go through nasolacrimal duct into inferior meatus
What are the paranasal air sinuses
Frontal, ethmoidal, maxilla
also Sphenoidal
Cartilages of the larynx
9 cartilages
3 unpaired:
Epiglottis
Thyroid
Cricoid
3 paired (don't need to know)
What is the only full circle of cartilage in the airway
Cricoid cartilage
Intrinsic vs Extrinsic Laryngreal Myscles
Intrinsic: Moving cartilages relative to each other; important in voice production
Extrinsic; not involved in moving cartilages relative to each other; responsible for moving the entire larynx - e.g. swallowing
Vagus nerve
Cranial nerve X
loops down from the brain till the aorta and gives a branch which loops back up from the heart
Innervates basically all the intrinsic laryngeal muscles
Which nerves innervate the intrinsic laryngeal muscles
Recurrent laryngeal nerves (originating from vagus) - Similar i think for extrinsic
What goes in/out ofthe hilum of each lung
2 Pulmonary Veins
1 Pulmonary Artery
1 Bronchus
