Mechanisms of Immunization Flashcards
DTaP
Toxoid, protein subunit
Diptheria toxin, tetanus toxoids, pertussis hemagglutinin and outermembrane proteins
Aluminum adjuvant and formaldehyde
Tdap
Toxoid, protein subunit
Diphtheria toxin (reduced), tetanus toxoids, pertussus hemagglutiinin and outer membrane proteins
Aluminum adjunvent and formaldehyde
Hib
For haemo influenz
Polysaccharide protein conjugate
Conjugates of tetanus toxoid OR N meningitidis outer membrane protein plus capsule type B
MPSV4 vaccine
Neisseria Meningitidis
Polysaccharide subunit
INactivated subunit vaccine of polysaccharide types A, C, Y, W135
Thimerosal
MCV 4
N meningi
Polysacch protein conjugate
Conjufate of diptheria toxin and polysaccharide types A, C, Y, W135
Formaldehyde
Men B
N mening
Recombinant subunit
Genes for adhesion A, factor H binding, and/or heparin binding proteins
Aluminum
PPSV23
Strep Pneumo
Polysaccharide subunit
Inactive subunit vaccine of polysaccharide
PCV13
Strep pneuo
Polysaccharide protein conjugate
Conjugate of tetanus toxoid and polysaccharide
Aluminum
HAV
Hep A
Inactivated
Whole virus
Aluminum, formaldehyde, neomycin
HBV
Hep B
Recombinant Subunit
Insertion of HBV surface ag genes into yeast cells
Aluminum and formaldehyde
HPV
Recom subunit 2v - 16/18 oncogneic 4v - 16/18 oncogenic, and 6/11 warts 9v 16/18/31/33/45/52/58 oncogenic and 6/11 warts Aluminum
IIV
Inactivated influenza
Inactivated virus in chicken eggs
Aluminum and thimersoal
LAIV
Live attenuated influenza
Cold-adapted live attenuated incubated in chicken eggs
RIV
Recombinant subunity influenza
INsertion of hemagluttinin genes into baculuvirus cultured in insect cells
MMR
Live attenuated
Derived strains of virus in chicken eggs
Hydrolyzed gelatin and neomycin
IPV
Polio
Inactivated
Inactivated type 1,2,3 cultured in calf
Formaldehyde, streptomycin and polymyxin
RV1/RV5
Rotovirus
Live attenuated
RV1 - capsid protein
RV5 - G1-4 capside proteins and P7 attachment proteins
HVV
Herpes zoster
Live attenuated
Varicella zoster at 19,400 PFUs
Hydrolyzed gelatin and neomycin
VAR
Varicella
Live attenuated
V zoster at 1350 PFUs
Hydrolyzed geltin and neomycin
Live vaccine induction
Disseminate to reach target tissues and activate PRRs
Nonlive vaccine induction
Contain PAMOs and only trigger PRRs at site of injection
IM delivery key because lotsof dendritic cells
Live attenuated characteristics
Recombined DNA to less virulent form
Strong cellular and AB response with few doses
Possiblity exist to revert to virulent form
IMmune activation does NOT occur with
Circulating AB
Inactivated characteristics
Kill
Safer
Stimulate weaker response (mostly HMI with a little CMI)…need boosters
Subunit characteristics
Only antigens that best stimulate immune system
Protein or polysach (polysach only for over 2 y/o)
Can culture then use chemicals
OR recombinant where insert microbe genomes into another organism to produce proteins
Toxoid vaccines
Inactivate toxins with formaldehyde
Immune system produces ABs to block toxin
POlysach conjugate vaccine
Link antigens (carb) to protein for immune system recognition Immune response moved to germinal centers, T-dependent response, more long term memory
Can use in children less than 2
Type of vaccine order
Live>inact>protein>polysach
Age of immunization
AB responses poor under 1 year
Poor AB response to polysacch less than 2 year
Intervals between immunization
Primary doses 3 weeks apart (allows waves of ag-sepcific responses)
Boosting 4+ months after pirmary (allows maturation of B memory cells)
Antibioti/formaldehyde/thimerosal/gelatin purpose
AB - prevent growth of bacteria
Form - inactivate viruses/toxins
Thimerosal - Prevent growth of bacteria
Gelatin - helps stabilize lives viruses
Adjuvants
TLR ligand Enhance uptake by APCs Inflammasome activation (IL-1) Enahnce immune presnetation Immune cell recruitment
Aluminum used to
Enahcnes ag uptake and activate inflammasomes
Lipid A analogues used
MPL in 2vHPV
TLR ligand and immune cell recruitment
