HIV Clinical Overview Flashcards

1
Q

Defining HIV over 18months

A

ELISA test reactive and another ELISA test reactive

Then confirmed

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2
Q

Below 18 months

A

Maternal ABs could complicated the test so need to test at multiple stages

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3
Q

1st and 2nd gen ELISA

A

Use IgG…problem is that you had to wait too long after acquisition

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4
Q

3rd gen ELISA

A

Looked at IgG and IgM

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5
Q

4th gen ELISA

A

Measures p24 antigen…now only 10-14 days after acquisition

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6
Q

HIV diagnositc algorithim

A

If positive 4th gen immunoassay, then test for HIV-1, HIV-2…if that is negative, check the viral load

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7
Q

How can you measure actual amount of HIV?

A

4th gen with viral lload

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8
Q

Progression of HIV

A

Primary infection around 1000 CD4s, rapid drop then maybe increase during latency…eventually hits 0

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9
Q

Acute HIV test

A

Detectable RNA, but negative or indeterminate AB test

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10
Q

4 important HIV symtoms (acute)

A

Fever, lymphadenopathy, sore throat, rash

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11
Q

What differentiates HIV from EBV

A

Mucocutaneous ulcerations

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12
Q

Defining AIDS

A

HIV positive with CD4 ever below 200 OR

HIV positive and AIDS defining illness

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13
Q

Individuals at risk for HIV screening

A

Yearly

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14
Q

Most common HIV defining infection

A

PCP

Oral candidiasis common in HIV positive, even early stages

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15
Q

BActerial HIV dz

A

Strep pneumo
H influenzae
P aeruginosa
S aureus

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16
Q

Pneumo jiroveci phrophylaxis

A

CD4<200, use bactrim 1qd

17
Q

Toxo gondii prophylaxis

A

CD<100, use bactrim 1qd

18
Q

Mycobacterium avium complex prophylaxis

A

CD<50, azithromycin 1200 1qweek

19
Q

Candida albicans prophylaxis

A

Fluconazole used

20
Q

CMV can lead to

A

Blindness

21
Q

HIV most common in who and most common mode of transmission

A

Southern black males

MSM

22
Q

Most common methods of transmission

A

Needles, unprotected sex

23
Q

Other modes of transmission

A

Maternal or blood products

24
Q

Most important factor for maternal

A

Maternal HIV 1 RNA levels (viral load)

25
Q

Perinatal HIV treatment

A

Mother should take AZT…AZT should be used at time of delivery depending on viral load…baby takes 6 weeks of AZT no matter what

26
Q

Follow up schedule for HIV exposed infant

A

Rule out at 4 weeks so that you can get vaccines…if not ruled out then need PCP prophylaxis

27
Q

Screening recommmendations

A

All patients 13-64 years should be screening using HIV AB

28
Q

Pregnant screening

A

Repeat in 3rd trimester for high rates of HIV

29
Q

OraQuick

A

20 minute fingerstick/ELISA test

30
Q

Goal of HIV tx

A

Primary - reduce and maintain plasma HIV RNA levels below point of detection
Secondary - preserve CD4 cell count

31
Q

Adequate ART response

A

Increase in 50-150 cells per year

32
Q

When to start ART

A

Should use with all diagnosed…evidence supports starting at higher CD4 counts

Recommended for prevention and treatment

33
Q

Infectious material

A

Anything with blood, semen, vaginal secretions, breast milk

34
Q

PEP management

A

Clean site, irrigate eyes

35
Q

Timing of PEP

A

Within hours…then test 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months

36
Q

PrEP

A

Not good enough by itself
Tenofovir/emtricitabine

Only give for 30 days and then have them come back, then give 560, then can give 90 days

37
Q

Medical contraindicationsd to PrEP

A

Documented HIV infection
Creatinine clearance <60 mL/min
Lack of readiness to adhere to therapies