Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Foundations 7 > Anti-Parasitics > Flashcards

Anti-Parasitics Flashcards

1
Q

Metronidazole use and spectrum

A

Most commonly used for protozoa
Targets hydrogenosome
Anaerobic bacteria and protozoa (EH, NF)
Follow with luminal amebicide (paromomycin)
Giardiasis
Trichomoniais (must include all sexual partenrs as males typically asymptomatic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Metronidazole mech and adverse effects

A

Causes loss of helical DNA structure resulting in inability of protein syntehsis and cell death

INhibits acetaldehyde dehrgoenase (aclocohl)
Peripheraly neuropathy
Dark urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Paromomycin

A

Used to eliminnate intestinal coloniation bc not absorbed
Interferes with 30S subunit of ribosome
Use with metronid for amebiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Albendazole mech

A

Metabolite albendazole sulfoxide cause degen of cytoplasmic microtubules…glycogen depeleted and glucose uptake and cholinesterase secretion immpaired…desecretaory substancesd accumulate…ATP production decreases causing energy depleition, immobilization and worm death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pyrantel pamoate mech

A

Release of Ach and inhibits cholinesterase…acts as depolarizing NM blocker to paralyze

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ivermectin mech

A

Binds to glutamate gated chloride ion channel…increased permeability of cell membranes tohloride ions leads ot hyperpolarization and death of parasite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Diethylcarbamazine mech

A

INvolve sesitizing the microfilaiae to phagocytosis…dependent on iNOS and COX1 path

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Praziquantel mech

A

increases permeability to calcium in schistosomes causing contractions and paralysis of worm leading todetachment of sucks from blood vessel walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Enterobius lines of defense

A

Albendazole/mebendaole 1st
Pyrantel 2nd

Treat entire fam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ascaris lines

A

Alb/meb 1st
PP 2nd
Iver 2nd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Trichuris lines

A

Same as ascaris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Toxocara lines

A

Alb/meb 1st for visceral larva migrans

+glucocorticoid, +/- surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Trichinella lines

A

Alb/med plus glucocort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hookworm lines

A

Alb/meb 1st

PP 2nd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Strgonyloids lines

A

Iver 1st

Alb/Med 2nd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Vector borne (filiaris or loa loa) lines

A

Diethyl carbamazine 1st
Alb/med 2nd

For annual, use both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Onchocerca lines

A

Iver 1st
Alb/med 2nd

For annual both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Tapeworm lines

A

For cysticerocosis, use alb/med and gluco

All other use prazi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Echinoccocus tapeworm lines

A

Surgical excision then alb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

All flukes lines

A

Prazi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Fascicola hepatica

A

exception to flukes, use Alb or triclabenazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Prevention of plasmodia

A

Avoidance/chemoprophylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Presumptive tx of plasmodia

A

Self medication…drug should be different than chemoprophylaxis

24
Q

Physician tx of plasmodia

A

Diagnose
Uncomp - fever, chills, N/V, sweats, muscle
Complication - confusion, coma, anemia, resp

25
Q

Chloroquine use

A

Prophylaxis and tx of uncomplicated
Can use during pregnanzy
Blood schizonticide for all species but falcip and vivax have resistance

Can use for hepatic amebic abscess if metronidazole fails

Can use at anti-inflam for rhem dzs

26
Q

Chloroquine mech

A

Concentrates in food vacuoles of parasites and prevents detox of heme…kills by oxidative effect

Blood Schizonticide and some gametocytocidal effects

27
Q

Chloroquine kinetics and dosing

A

Long and vriable half life

2 weeks before, during, and 4 weeks after

28
Q

Chlrooquine adverse effects

A

Pruritus
CV toxicv, CNS toxic, exofoliative dermatitive
Hemolysis due to G6PD def

29
Q

Chlroquine contraindications

A

Cause with CNS probs or skin probs

DONOT use wit G6PD

30
Q

Atovaquone proguanil uses

A

Prophylaxis, self tx, and treatment of all plasmodia

Reserve for P falcip and vivax that are chloroquine resistant

Blood schizonticide and some gametocytocidal

31
Q

Mech of atovaquone proguanil

A

Atov - inhibits mito elec transport and collapses mitochondrial membrane potential

Proguanil - inhibis DHFR disrupting deoxythymidylate ynsthesis

32
Q

A-P adverse effects

A

Ab pain, etc.

If vomiting within 30 mins, readmin

33
Q

A-P dosing

A

Tx of uncomplicated - qd for 3 days

Prophylaixs - 1qd for 2 days b4 travel, during travle, and one week after

34
Q

Mefloqine use, dosing

A

Prophylaxis and tx of all plasmodia
for proph - Weekly dosing 2 weeks before tavel, during, and 4 weeks after
Tx - 2 doses 12 hours apart

Use combo of mefloquine and artesunate more effective
Blood schizonticide

35
Q

Adverse effects of mefloquine

A 
Potential CNS toxicity 
Derm 
GI
Myalgia 
Tinnitus

Might be okay for pregnancy

36
Q

Doxycylcline use

A

Prophylaxis for chloroquine and mefloquine resistant falcip and vivax
Tx of uncomplication
Tx of complicated with quinine or artesunate

Blood schizonticide

37
Q

Arthemeter-lumefantrine uses

A

Tx of uncompl falcip and vivax
Fast acting blood schizonticidal and gametocytocidal
Safe in children and adutls

38
Q

Arthemeter mech

A

1 Heme iron from parasite cleaves endoperozide bridge
2) Structure rearrangsto yield free rad that damages parasite such as Ca ATPase

1-2 hour 1/2 life

39
Q

Lumefrantrine mech

A

Prevents detox of heme

3-6 day 1/2 life

40
Q

Artesunate use

A

Tx of complicated…only available through CDC because of potential bradycardia or AV block

41
Q

Quinine/quinidine uses

A

Limited Tx of uncomplicated or complicated infectons
Both vailable in IV form…only qunidine used in US

Combine qunine with tetracycline, doxycycline, or clindamycin

42
Q

Quninine mech

A

Like chloroquine binds heme and prevents detox

43
Q

Quinidine/qunine other uses

A

Qunindine - antiarrhthmyc historically…Na and K channel blocker that prolongs refrect period
Quinine - used for nocturnal muscle cramps

44
Q

Adverse effects and contraind of quinine and quniidine

A

Cinchonism
Hypoglycemia
Hpotension
hemolysis if G6PD def

Contraindications are hypersensitivity, CV dysrhythmia, OK in preg

45
Q

Primaquine uses

A

Hepatic vivax and ovale
Tissue schizonticide and gametocidal for all
Also for penumo jiroveci

46
Q

Mech of primaquine

A

Disrupts mitochondria and binds to DNA

47
Q

Contraindications of primaquine

A

Dyscraisa
G6PD patient
pregnancy is G6PD fetus

48
Q

Chloroquine table

A 
Yes
Yes 
Yes (no)
Hemolysis if G6PD 
2 weeks b4 travel and weekly
49
Q

A-P table

A 
Yes
Yes
Yes (no) 
Nausea and vomiting are major 
2 days before travle and daily
50
Q

Mefloquine table

A

Yes

Yes(no)
resistance, vivd dreams and psych concerns
2 weeks before travel and weekly

51
Q

Doxy table

A

Yes

Yes (no)
2 days before travel and daly

52
Q

A-L table

A

No
Yes
Yes (no)

53
Q

Artesunate table

A

No
No
No (Yes)

54
Q

Qunine/qunidine table

A

Maybe-used alone
Yes
Yes (yes)
G6PD

55
Q

Primaquine table

A

Yes
Yes
Yes (no)
G6PD

Foundations 7 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions