Mechanisms of Antibiotic resistance Flashcards
Occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasite change over time and no longer respond to medicines making infections harder to treat.
Antimicrobial resistance
Defined as acquired non susceptibility to at least ONE in THREE or more antimicrobial categories
Multidrug resistanct
Defined as acquired non susceptibility to at least ONE agent in all but TWO or FEWER antimicrobial categories
Extensively Drug resistant
Defined as acquired non susceptibility to ALL agents in all antimicrobial categories
Pandrug resistant
Steps drug intake
- Anatomic approximatio
- Surface binding
- Intracellular uptake
- Target binding
- Growth inhibition / death
What are the 3 Antimicrobial resistance mechanisms?
Biologic versus clinical antimicrobial resistance
Environmentally mediated antimicrobial resistance
Microorganism-mediated antimicrobial resistance
In Biologic versus clinical antimicrobial resistance, changes that result in observably reduced susceptibility of an organisms to a particular antimicrobial agent?
Biologic resistance
In Biologic versus clinical antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial susceptibility has been lost to such an extent that the drug is no longer effective for clinical use?
Clinical resistance
Resistance directly resulting from physical or chemical characteristics of the environment that either directly after the antimicrobial agent or after the microorganism’s normal physiologic response to the drug
Environmentally-Mediated Resistance
Antimicrobial resistance that results from genetically encoded traits of the microorganism
Microorganism-mediated resistance
Organisms-based resistance can be divided into two subcategories?
Intrinsic resistance
Acquired resistance
Antimicrobial resistance resulting from the normal genetic, structural, or physiologic state of a microorganisms
Useful for determining which antimicrobial agents should be included in the battery of drugs tested against specific types of organisms
Intrinsic resistance
Antibiotic resistance resulting from altered cellular physiology and structure caused by changes in a microorganism’s genetic makeup
Acquired resistance
Resistance from Acquired resistance can be aquired by:
Successful genetic mutation
Acquisition of genes from other organisms via gene transfer mechanisms
A combination of mutational and gene transfer events
