Mechanism of target organ toxicity Flashcards
This can result to hypoxia that prevent transport of oxygen
Carbon monoxide
This can result in decreasing circulation of leukocytes which damage the bone marrow cells
Chloramphenicol
This can result to leukemia due to damage to bone marrow cells
Benzene
This can cause arteriosclerosis due to this substance accumulation in arteries and veins
Cholesterol
Comes into direct contact with the skin or is distributed internally
Dermal toxicity
Dermal irritation from skin exposure to __
Gasoline
Dermal corrosion from skin exposure to __
Sodium hydroxide
Dermal itching, irritation, and sometimes painful rash from __ caused by __
poison ivy, urushiol
Skin cancer due to ingesting __ or exposure to __
Arsenic, UV light
Studies how external or environmental environment factors can switch genes on and off and change the programming of the cell
Epigenetic alterations
It is the stable changes in the programming of gene expression, which can alter the phenotype without changing the DNA sequence
Epigenetics
Part of the eye that has direct exposure to toxicants
Conjunctivitis and corneal erosion
This can cause severe corneal corrosion
acids and strong akalis
This may cause cataracts
Corticosteroids
This may damage the optic nerves
Methanol (wood alcohol)
Toxicity to the liver, bile duct, and gall bladder
Hepatoxicity
Lipid accumulation in the hepatocytes
Steatosis
Inflammation in the liver
Chemical hepatitis
The death of hepatocytes
Hepatic necrosis
Backup of bile salts into the liver cells
Intrahepatic cholestasis
Cancer of the liver
Hepatic cancer
Chronic fibrosis, often due to alcohol
Cirrhosis
immune reaction resulting in hepatic necrosis
Hypersensitivity
Toxicity of the immune system
Immunotoxicity
