Heavy metals Flashcards
Lewisite metal
Arsenic
This is for treatment of syphilis
Arsenic (Asphernamine, Salvarsan, 606)
Arsenic is the result of
Hyperkeratosis & hyperpigmentation
Arsenic causing what kind of disease __
Black foot disease
Just read
Arsenic is a protoplasmic poison
Choice of professional poisoners
Arsenic moa
Coagulation of protein by binding to -SH groups
Arsenic signs and symptoms
Mee’s lie (white lines in nails), Abnormal weight gain, Watery diarrhea, Mily/rosy complexion, Garlic odor of breath, Luminous vitous, Alopecia, Backline on gums/bleeding gums, “raindrop pattern of hyperpigmentation & hyperkeratosis
Arsenic treatment
BAL/ Dimercaprol (+Penicillamine if severe)
Causing Itai-Itai disease
Cadmium
Sources of cadmium
Anti-dandruff shampoos, smoke & stink bamboo, solder (metal alloys)
cadmium signs and symptoms
Osteomalacia, Fractures, Renal abnormalities, Gait disturbances
Cadmium treatment
EDTA (for acute ingestion)
type of metal poisoning caused by lead in the body
Plumbism
Most ubiquitous of the toxic metals exposure may be through air, water, or food sources
Lead
Lead primary target
Hematopoietic system and nervous system
Factors predisposing to increased Lead absorption
Decreasing dietary calcium
Iron deficiency
Ingestion of an empty stomach
Pharmacokinetics of lead
Lead can cross to placenta
Young children have a greater degree of absorption of ingested lead than adults
Primary excretion is through urine
Primary repository site of inorganic lead in the body of an adult
Skeletal muscle (Bone)
Lead sources
Canned goods, automobile exhaust, wine glasses, old pipes, cables, paints
Lead MOA
Inhibits cytochrome, inhibits heme synthesis (decrease oxygen consumption)
Lead treatment
Penicillamine, BAL, EDTA
Mercury aka
Quicksilver (Messenger of the Gods)
Mercury causes what disease
Minimata disease (mercury poisoning)
Mercury can be acquired through consumption of __
fish and shellfish
Mercury MOA
Coagulation of protein by binding to -SH groups
Mercury signs and symproms
Acrodinia
Gingivitis
Erethism
Mercury treatment antidote of choice
Na Formaldehyde Sulfoximate
Mercury treatment for high level of exposure
BAL
Mercury treatment for low level of exposure
penicillamine
This may diminish nephrotoxicity that may result from acute exposure to inorganic Mercury
Chelation with Unithiol
Three types of Mercury
Elemental mercury
Inorganic mercury
Organic mercury
Thermometer, Sphygmomameter
Elemental mercury
Hg2Cl2 (mercury chloride), Calomer HgCl2 - Corrosive sublimate
Inorganic mercury
Thimerosal-old Benzalkonium Chloride- new (Methiolate)
Organic mercury
A highly toxic form of Mercury that causes Minimata disease
Methylmercury
For hemoglobin and myoglobin production
Iron
The most common consistent manifestation of an acute overdose of iron in children
Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis
Iron causes of toxicity
Overingestion of OTC preparations
Lethal dose of iron
200-300 mg/kg
Toxic dose of iron
> 600 mg/kg
treatment for iron toxicity
Deferoxamine/Deferoxime
Thallium moa
Binds to SH- group
Thallium signs and symptoms
Gastroenteristis
Alopecia
Paresthesia
