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Clinical toxicology Flashcards

1
Q

Salicylates signs and symptoms- mild

A

Tinnitus

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1
Q

Salicylates signs and symptoms- severe

A

Lethargy, convulsion, coma, metabolic acidosis

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2
Q

Salicylates treatment

A

Urine alkalization with NaHCO3
Vitamin K1/ fresh frozen plasma (for bleeding)

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3
Q

Minimum serum acetaminophen level (indicates a high risk for liver injury)

A

150-200 mg/L

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4
Q

Paracetamol/Acetaminophen Moa

A

Depletion of glutathione causing hepatic necrosis due to its toxic metabolite, NAPQI

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5
Q

Paracetamol/Acetaminophen treatment

A

N-acetylcysteine

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6
Q

Warfarin moa

A

Inhibition of Vitamin K-related clotting factors (II, VII, IX)

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7
Q

Warfarin principal manifestation

A

Bleeding

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8
Q

Warfarin treatment

A

Vitamin K

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9
Q

Principal manifestation of heparin

A

Bleeding

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10
Q

Heparin treatment

A

Protamine sulfate (act as base)

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11
Q

1 mg protamine = 1000 IU Heparin

A
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12
Q

This cause gray baby syndrome

A

Chloramphenicol

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13
Q

Chlorampenicol treatment

A

Charcoal Hemoperfusion

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14
Q

Vancomycin causes

A

Red man or red neck syndrome

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15
Q

Vancomycin prevention

A

Prolonging the infusion to 1-2 hours or increasing the dosing interval

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16
Q

Digoxin signs and symptoms - mild

A

Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, confusion

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17
Q

Digoxin signs and symptoms- severe

A

Cardiac dysarrhythmias

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18
Q

Digoxin treatment

A

Lidocaine or phenytoin
Digoxin-specific fab antibodies (Digibind)

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18
Q

Digoxin treatment

A

Lidocaine or phenytoin
Digoxin-specific fab antibodies (Digibind)
Potassium chloride

19
Q

Malignant hyperthermia

A

Succinylcholine

20
Q

Histamine release (anaphylactic shock)

A

Tubocurarin

21
Q

DOC for anaphylactic shock

A

Epinephrine

22
Q

DOC for malignant hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene

23
Q

Other treatment for succinylcholine & tubocurarine

A

Neostigmine/ pyridostigmine

24
Q

Methylxanthine signs and symptoms

25
Q

Other treatment for succinylcholine & tubocurarine

A

Neostigmine/ pyridostigmine

25
Q

Methylxanthine signs and symptoms

A

Seizures, Cardiac dysrhythmias

26
Q

Methylxanthine treatment

A

Ipecac syrup
Activated charcoal
Hemoperfusion & hemodialysis
Consider b-blockers for manifestations

27
Q

DOC for mania and bipolar disorders

28
Q

Lithium treatment

A

Ipecac syrup, Na polystyrene sulfonate, WBI, hemodialysis)

29
Q

TCA signs and symptoms

A

Anticholinergic
Cardiopulmonary toxicity
CNS manifestation

30
Q

TCA treatment

A

Physostigmine

31
Q

DOC for anticholinergic signs and symptoms

A

Physostigmine

32
Q

DOC for cardiopulmonary toxicity

33
Q

DOC for CNS manifestations

A

Phenytoin and Bzd

34
Q

Isoniazid signs and symptoms

A

Peripheral neuropathy
Hepatitis

35
Q

Isoniazid management

A

Pyridoxine (1mg)
Activated charcoal (limit GI absorption)
BZD (seizures)

36
Q

Isoniazid treatment

A

Vitamin b6

37
Q

Beta-blockers signs and symptoms

A

Hypotension
Bradycardia
AV block bronchospasm

38
Q

Beta-blockers treatment

A

Glucagon
Epinephrine

39
Q

CCB principal manifestations

A

Hypotension

40
Q

CCB treatment

A

Calcium chloride IVP glucagon

41
Q

Potassium signs ad symptoms

A

Cardiac irritability
Dysrhythmia
Peripheral weakness

42
Q

Potassium treatment

A

calcium Chloride
NaHCO3, Glucose, Insulin

43
Q

Antagonize the cardiac effect of hyperkalemia

A

calcium Chloride

44
Q

For an intracellular shift of K

A

NaHCO3, Glucose, Insulin

45
Q

Potassium last measure

A

Hemodialysis

Toxicology (13 decks)

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