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Drugs of abuse Flashcards

1
Q

Opioids is from

A

Papaver somniferum

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2
Q

Opioids natural

A

Opium, (Morphine (pure agonist)

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3
Q

Semi-synthetic opioids

A

Heroin (Diacetylmorphine), Codeine (Methylmorphine)

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4
Q

Synthetic opioids

A

Methadone & Meperidine

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5
Q

Moa of opioids

A

All bind to opioid receptors- Mu, Kappa, Delta

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6
Q

Meperidine cause

A

Seizure

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7
Q

Treatment for an opioid that is a full antagonist

A

Naloxone

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8
Q

Treatment for an opioid that is competitive but may precipitate withdrawal symptoms in an addicted patient

A

Naltrexone, Nalorphine, Nalmefene

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9
Q

Opioid toxicity this drug can limit further GI absorption

A

Activated charcoal

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10
Q

Alternative for ADHD

A

Amphetamine

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11
Q

Amphetamine is a ___ agent

A

Sympathomimetic

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12
Q

Amphetamine used in

A

Hypertension, Arrhythmias, seizure, CNS stimulation

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13
Q

Amphetamine moa

A

Increase dopamine activity in the brain

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14
Q

Amphetamine treatment for seizures

A

Diazepam, Phenytoin

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15
Q

Amphetamine treatment for psychosis/agitation

A

Chlorpromazine, Haloperidol, Diazepam

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15
Q

Amphetamine treatment for psychosis/agitation

A

Chlorpromazine, Haloperidol, Diazepam

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16
Q

Amphetamine treatment for hypertensive crisis

A

b-blocker, a-blockers

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17
Q

Amphetamine treatment for arrhythmias

A

Propranolol, Lidocaine

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18
Q

Benzodiazepine + ___ = fatal CNS and respiratory depression

A

alcohol

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19
Q

Benzodiazepine MOA

A

potentiate neurotransmitter - GABA inhibitory

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20
Q

Signs and symptoms of bzd

A

Drowsiness, Ataxia, Confusion

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21
Q

BZD treatment

A

Flumazenil

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22
Q

Barbiturates is enzyme inducers or inhibitors?

A

Enzyme inducer

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23
Q

Used in the induction of anesthesia and seizures

A

Barbiturates

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24
Mild signs and symptoms of barbiturates
Slurred speech, Ataxia
25
Severe signs and symptoms of barbiturates
Comatose with the absence of deep tendon reflexes, Cheyne-Stokes (irregular) respiration
26
Barbiturates treatment
Force Alkaline diuresis (NaHCO3); Hemodialysis
27
In-vivo via alcohol dehydrogenase -> Trichloroethanol
Chloral hydrate
28
Chloral hydrate aka
Knock-out drops
29
Chloral hydrate treatment
Supportive
30
Are substances that alter sensory processing in the brain, causing depersonalization, perceptual disturbances & changes in thought processing
Hallucinogens
31
LSD means
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
32
Ergot derivates
LSD
33
LSD moa
Stimulates serotogenic receptors, increases level of 5-HT5
34
Signs and symptoms of LSD
Increased suicidal tendency, altered mental status
35
Treatment for LSD
Benzodiazepine
36
Mescaline is from
Peyote cactus (Lophora williamsii), buttons
37
Related to amphetamine
Mescaline
38
One of the first phenylalanine hallucinogens identified
Mescaline
39
Other name for ecstacy
E, Adam, XTC
40
Ecstacy Moa
acts like a false neurotransmitter
41
Ecstacy toxic dose
50-150 mg
42
Signs and symptoms of Ecstacy
Hypotension, cardiac arrest
43
Treatment for ecstasy
Forced diuretic, Labetalol, Nitroprusside, Nifedipine
44
More substantial than amphetamine
Methampetamine
45
Ephedrine is from
Ma huang
45
The active ingredient in fresh leaves of Khat
Cathinone
45
Active ingridient when cathinone degrades as leaves age, which explains why dried Khat is neither popular nor widely distributed
Cathine
46
Methyl derivatives of cathinone
Methcathinone
47
Chemically synthesized from Ephedrine
Methcathinone
48
Methcathinone is aka __ Stretname __
Ephedrine; Cat, Jeff
49
Aka angel dust, snort, supergrass
Phencyclidine
50
Similar to dissociative anesthetic, ketamine
Phencyclidine
51
Signs and symptoms of Phencyclidine
Nystagmus, Decrease consciousness, acute brain syndrome
52
Phencyclidine treatment
Benzodiazepine, Diazepam, Nitroprusside
53
A short-acting hallucinogen found in the seeds of Piptadenia peregrine
Dimethyltryptamine (DMT)
54
Cannabis sativum
Marijuana
55
Marijuana aka
Mary Jane, Hash-ish, Hash-oil, Weeds
56
Used antiemetic for the patient undergoing chemotherapy
Marijuana
57
Cocaine other name
Erythroxylon coca, "crack", "freebase"
58
Cocaine Moa
Increase dopamine activity
59
Cocaine treatment
Seizure: Bzd Psychosis: Neuroleptics HPN: Labetalol
60
CNS depressant Grain alcohol, neutral spirit Responsible for significant medical & socio-economic problems
Alcohol (ethanol)
61
Acute alcoholism
Enzyme inhibitor
62
Chronic alcoholism
Enzyme inducer
63
Alcohol metabolites
Acetaldehyde, acetic acid
64
Alcohol treatment
Thiamine Disulfiram Fomepizole
64
Alcohol treatment
Thiamine Disulfiram Fomepizole
65
Prevention of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
Thiamine
66
Used to stop alcohol addiction
Disulfiram
67
Enzyme inducer
Nicotine
68
The active ingredient of tobacco for the addictive effect
Nicotine
69
Nicotine lethal dose for children
1.5-2 mg/kg
70
Nicotine lethal dose for adult
40-60 mg/kg
71
Minimum fatal dose of Nicotine
40 mg = 2 sticks of cigar
71
Acute Nicotine toxicity
Hypertension cardiac arrhythmias
72
Management of nicotine toxicity
Anticonvulsant (Bzd)
73
These drugs are avoided in the management of nicotine toxicity
Epinephrine & neostigmine
74
Treatment for nicotine toxicity
Activated Charcoal Gastric lavage Mecamylamine
75
Abused by athletes before
Strychnine
76
Scientific name for strychnine
Stryhnos nux vomica
77
Signs and symptoms of of strychnine
Rigor mortis, Convulsion
78
Treatment for strychnine
Diazepam Phenobarbital Neuromuscular blockers Skeletal muscle relaxant
79
Methyl benzene Glue sniffers
Toluene
80
Anethetic Laughing gas May cause diffusinal hypoxia
Nitrous oxide
80
Anesthetic Laughing gas It may cause diffusional hypoxia Hysterical laughing Blue container in the hospital
Nitrous oxide

Toxicology (13 decks)

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