Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pyschology > Measurement Techniques > Flashcards

Measurement Techniques Flashcards

1
Q

3 categories of measuring pyschology

A
  1. behavioural
  2. neuropysiological
  3. psychophysiological
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

types of behavioural techniques

A 
conditiniong
questtionatires
animal tests
cognitive tests
puschophysics
infants and habituation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

types of neurophsyioloical techniques

A 
lesion studies
MRi, Pet, TMS
EEG MEG TMS
CT
X ray
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

types of psychophysiological techniques

A

galvanic skin conductance
salivdary hormones
eye tracking
electrocardiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are electrophysiological readings

A

microelectrodes are placed into monkey/cat/mice brains to record neural activitiy

usually involves surfering on an animal where an area is removed and the electrodes are placed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are electrophysiological readings used for

A

measurements of the electrical activity of neurons, and, in particular, action potential activity

used to record responses to stimuli that affect rate of neronal firing near electrode

used to map brain’s sensory somatic cortex using electrical stimulation to see how the body responds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

advatnges of electrophysiological readings

A

direct recording of neural activity

high spatial resolution

high temporal resolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

disadvantages of electrophysiological readings

A

invasive= unethical to use on humans

looks at SINGLe neurons but not networks

difficult to study complex tasks as its mono-functional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

when can electrophysiological readings be used on humans

A

cancer patients where tumor removal occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

types of lesions

A
  1. aspiration lesions
  2. radiofrequency lesions
  3. knife cuts
  4. reversible lesions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

aspiration lesions

A

Skin lesion aspiration is the withdrawal of fluid from a skin lesion (cortical tissue) and insert stimuli= accessible to eyes and instruments of sureons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

radiofrequency lesions

A

using radiofrequency currents that pass through target tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

knife cuts

A

elimiante conductinos in nerve tracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

reversible lesions

A

temporary eliminate activity in a brian area using anaestehthic or cooling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what do lesions allow

A

insights into brain functional organization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

famous lesion cases

A
  1. brocas area (non-fluent aphasia)
  2. wernickes area (fluent aphasia)
    == anoatmication language dissociations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pros of lesion studies

A

establish cause-effect of brain area and function

noninvasive (but patients might tire from experiments)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cons of lesion studies

A

no two lesions same (not common; inaccurate)
damage widespread
damage may effect other cognitive abilities
platicity of brain (hence changes might result of function-area; i.e. stroke tennis player)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what (in humans) is used to study pyschophysiological activity

A

eeg= electroencephalography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

set-up of EEGs

A

measures electrical signals by placing electrode ‘swimming cap’ onto patients head + weakly measure neural activity passing through skull

  • measures different wave variations (alpha, beta, etc.) aand their length/speed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are ERPs

A

event related potentials: other factors such as noise that can affect an EEG reading and create signals

as a result= signals are averaged to reduce ‘background’ noise

22
Q

what do EEGS measure

A

electircal signals and brain activity/consciousness

23
Q

what is N170

A

a type of Event Related Potential: evidence for face slectivity in human brain as 170ms after a negative face stimuli elecits a response

24
Q

pros of EEG

A

high temporal resolution (up to 1 ms)
non inavsive
can even be used on infants
cheaper than fMRI

25
Q

cons of EEG

A

poor spatial resolution
infiinte possiblities for what aused a wave
can only measure weak signals from neurons in specific orietnations
no causal inference
synchronous firings of neurons can sometimes make it hard to find a measurable signal

26
Q

Magnetoencephaolography (MEG) set up

A

magenetic fields placed into brain
expensive than EEG
weak
provides high spatial resolution/3D images

27
Q

what do PET scans do

A

branin imagies= identify active brain areas used radioactive markers that indicate ‘active’ brain areas (glucose consumption= conecentraion)

allows the measurment of moleculers using radioative ligands to study addiction/parkinsons/ etc and how brain responds to reward allocation

(radioative fluorodeyoxguclose insterd into brain and taken up by energy consumping scelles which a Pet scan measures)

28
Q

pros of pet scans

A

measures specific molecule concentraitons
spatial resolution better than an EEG
can imagine whole brain
provide FUNCTIONAL brain images

29
Q

cons of pet scan

A

invasive (radioactive tracesr)

no clear anatomical linkages

poor temporal resolution

no causal inference

30
Q

what techniques are used for structural brain imaging

A

fMRI
DTI
MRi

31
Q

MRI set up

A

magnetic resonance imaging; measures water concentraiton in brain tissues where participants placed in a ‘scanner’ and hydrogen protoons are measured

looks at how brain works in response to stimuli

e.g. mcgill hippocampus study on london taxi drivers

32
Q

MRI set up

A

measures water concentraiton in brain tissues where participants placed in a ‘scanner’ and hydrogen protons are measured

compares activities with each other (structural and funcitonal)

looks at how brain works in response to stimuli

e.g. mcgill hippocampus study on london taxi drivers

33
Q

MRI pros

A

excellent spatial resolution

can image whol brain

34
Q

MRI cons

A

poor temporal

indriect measure of neural activit (only oxygen consumption)

35
Q

DTI set up

A

Diffusion Sensor Imagery= water molecular pathways are identified

  • tracks fibres
  • estimates location/orientation of white matter
  • used in schrozophenia studies
36
Q

what is TMS used for

A

for inference and manipulation of the brain and body

37
Q

set up of TMS

A

magnetic fields created using coils that hyperpolarize temporarily brain areas and allow for inference of cause-effect relations between brain areas and motor functions

uses mri to identiy the brain areas to be stimulated

38
Q

pros of TMS

A

reversible
may have therapeuc benefits (depresion patients)
precising timing of TMS pulses
enable cause-effect inferences in specific brain areas

39
Q

what is the common test battery

A

a way to measure ingglience other than IQ; instead using the WAIS (Weschsler Adult Intelligence Scale)

40
Q

new creative solutions

A
  1. neuroprosethethics to replace malfunctioning brain areas
  2. optogenetics
  3. human brain project
41
Q

what needs to be considered when using a tool

A
  1. is it safe?
  2. how well can inferences be drawn?
  3. spatial and temporal variations?
42
Q

EEG waves and states of consciousncess

A

beta and gamma= high frequency/exicted and awake

delta= asleep

alpha= relaxed

theata= drowsy

43
Q

set up of TMS

A

magnetic fields created using coils that hyperpolarize temporarily brain areas/cortex and allow for inference of cause-effect relations between brain areas and motor functions

acts on synapses

uses mri to identiy the brain areas to be stimulated

44
Q

pros of TMS

A

reversible
may have therapeuc benefits (depresion patients; increases seratonin)
precising timing of TMS pulses
enable cause-effect inferences in specific brain areas

45
Q

what is the BOLD signal

A

in FMRI; the “Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent” signal

46
Q

how can muscle tension be measured

A

using electromyographies= place 2 electrodes in skin over muscle

47
Q

how can eye movement be measured

A

electroculography (EOG) that measures electircal potentials in electrodes around eye

or

eye tracking

48
Q

galvanic skin conductance

A

tests respones sto stress in ability of skin to conduct electricity

49
Q

how can cardiovacular activiy be measured

A

heart rate (electrocardiography)

blood pressure

blodo volume

50
Q

what can’t FMRI distinguish between

A
  • function-specific processing and neuromodultiation
  • between bottom up/top down signals
  • confuses excitation and inhibition
  • can’t quantify EXACT brain regions (and intensity)
  • diffiggertaite between tasks of same region
51
Q

assumptions made on fMRI:

A
  1. the brain can be localized (brain architecture is modular) and each ‘avitivty area’ can be studied with fMRI

Pyschology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions