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MCQ 12 Flashcards

1
Q

paraneoplastic

A

癌旁的

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2
Q

thymoma

A

胸腺瘤

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3
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

is a medication primarily used in the management and treatment of neoplasms, including multiple myeloma, sarcoma, and breast cancer. Cyclophosphamide is a nitrogen mustard that exerts its anti-neoplastic effects through alkylation

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4
Q

Mannitol

A

甘露醇

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5
Q

Naltrexone, sold under the brand name Revia among others

A

is a medication primarily used to manage alcohol use or opioid use disorder by reducing cravings and feelings of euphoria associated with substance use disorder.

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6
Q

Naloxone

A

is a medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) designed to rapidly reverse opioid overdose. It is an opioid antagonist—meaning that it binds to opioid receptors and can reverse and block the effects of other opioids, such as heroin, morphine, and oxycodone.

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7
Q

Naloxone and naltrexone are both opioid blockers.

A

But naloxone is a fast-acting medication that reverses the effects of an opioid overdose. Naltrexone doesn’t work in overdose situations. It’s a once daily or once monthly medication that can treat alcohol use disorder or opioid use disorder.

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8
Q

sedentary

A

久坐不动的

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9
Q

Risperidone

A

is medicine that helps with symptoms of some mental health conditions such as: schizophrenia (where you may see, hear or feel things that are not there or you believe things that are not true or you feel unusually suspicious or have muddled thoughts)

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10
Q

melancholic

A

忧郁的

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11
Q

catastrophic

A

灾难性的

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12
Q

Zopiclone

A

sold under the brand name Imovane among others, is a nonbenzodiazepine used to treat difficulty sleeping. Zopiclone is molecularly distinct from benzodiazepine drugs and is classed as a cyclopyrrolone.

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13
Q

Quetiapine, sold under the brand name Seroquel among others,

A

is an atypical antipsychotic medication used for the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder.

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14
Q

irate

A

暴怒的

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15
Q

Celecoxib

A

is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat mild to moderate pain and help relieve symptoms of arthritis (eg, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or juvenile rheumatoid arthritis), such as inflammation, swelling, stiffness, and joint pain.

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16
Q

Akathisia

A

静坐不能

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17
Q

Desipramine

A

is a secondary amine tricyclic antidepressant that is FDA approved for the treatment of depression. This drug has off-label use to treat bulimia nervosa, irritable bowel syndrome, neuropathic pain, overactive bladder, post-herpetic neuralgia, and ADHD.

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18
Q

Duloxetine

A

is a type of antidepressant medicine known as a serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). SNRIs are thought to work by increasing the amount of mood-enhancing chemicals, serotonin and noradrenaline, in your brain.

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19
Q

Collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis

A

are colitis and lymphocytic colitis are types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that involve inflammation of the colon, the last portion of the bowel that ends at the anus. The most common symptom is watery, non-bloody diarrhoea.

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20
Q

Laxatives

A

treat constipation by softening hard stools or stimulating your bowels to get moving so you can poop. Common types include bulk-forming laxatives, osmotics, stool softeners, lubricants and stimulants. Most are available without a prescription.

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21
Q

Loperamide

A

is a medicine to treat diarrhoea (runny poo). It can help with short-term diarrhoea or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Loperamide is also used for recurring or longer lasting diarrhoea from bowel conditions such as Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis and short bowel syndrome.

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22
Q

Amisulpride

A

is a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of acute and chronic schizophrenia, and in the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults.

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23
Q

Aripiprazole

A

is a medication used to manage and treat schizophrenia, mania associated with bipolar I disorder, irritability associated with an autism spectrum disorder, disjunctive therapy in major depressive disorder, and Tourette syndrome.

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24
Q

Ziprasidone

A

is an atypical antipsychotic drug used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar mania, and acute agitation in schizophrenic patients. Because it antagonizes H1 receptors, it can cause somnolence

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25
Q

Paliperidone

A

is used to treat the symptoms of schizophrenia (a mental illness that causes disturbed or unusual thinking, loss of interest in life, and strong or inappropriate emotions). Paliperidone is in a class of medications called atypical antipsychotics.

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26
Q

Midazolam, sold under the brand name Versed among others,

A

is a benzodiazepine medication used for anesthesia and procedural sedation, and to treat severe agitation. It induces sleepiness, decreases anxiety, and causes anterograde amnesia

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27
Q

Droperidol

A

is a medication that prevents nausea and vomiting caused by surgical procedures. The brand name of this medication is Inapsine®

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28
Q

Flumazenil

A

is a benzodiazepine antagonist. It competitively inhibits the activity of benzodiazepine and non-benzodiazepine substances that interact with benzodiazepine receptors site on the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor complex. It can also reverse the binding of benzodiazepines to benzodiazepine receptors.

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29
Q

Haloperidol, sold under the brand name Haldol among others,

A

is a typical antipsychotic medication. Haloperidol is used in the treatment of schizophrenia, tics in Tourette syndrome, mania in bipolar disorder, delirium, agitation, acute psychosis, and hallucinations from alcohol withdrawal.

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30
Q

neuroleptic
neur/o
-leptic

A

抑制神经的
nerve
type of seizure

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31
Q

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)

A

is a life-threatening neurologic emergency associated with the use of antipsychotic (neuroleptic) agents and characterized by a distinctive clinical syndrome of mental status change, rigidity, fever, and dysautonomia.

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32
Q

Trifluoperazine

A

, marketed under the brand name Stelazine among others, is a typical antipsychotic primarily used to treat schizophrenia. It may also be used short term in those with generalized anxiety disorder but is less preferred to benzodiazepines. It is of the phenothiazine chemical class.

33
Q

Tardive dyskinesia
-kinesia

A

A condition affecting the nervous system, often caused by long-term use of some psychiatric drugs.
movement

34
Q

Levodopa

A

is often viewed as the first-line drug for the management of Parkinson’s motor symptoms.

35
Q

Decarboxylase inhibitors

A

block the action of decarboxylase, thereby preventing the breakdown of levodopa, which in turn, increases the availability of levodopa at the blood-brain barrier, thus allowing a lower dose of levodopa.

36
Q

Benzatropine, known as benztropine in the United States and Japan,

A

is a medication used to treat movement disorders like parkinsonism and dystonia, as well as extrapyramidal side effects of antipsychotics, including akathisia. It is not useful for tardive dyskinesia

37
Q

Selegiline

A

, a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor, is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as an adjunct treatment for patients with Parkinson disease and a major depressive disorder in adults.

38
Q

The substantia nigra

A

is a critical brain region for the production of dopamine and this neurochemical affects many systems of the central nervous system ranging from movement control, cognitive executive functions, and emotional limbic activity.

39
Q

The substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc)

A

is the source of the important nigrostriatal dopamine pathway and appears to modulate the loop, although not being in the loop itself.

40
Q

striatal dopamine

A

Brain dopamine is implicated in the regulation of movement, attention, reward and learning. Dysfunction of dopamine plays a role in Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia and drug addiction. It is released in the striatum when dopamine neurons in the midbrain undergo burst firing

41
Q

The “basal ganglia

A

” refers to a group of subcortical nuclei responsible primarily for motor control, as well as other roles such as motor learning, executive functions and behaviors, and emotions.

42
Q

What are Lewy body dementia signs and symptoms?

A

Visual hallucinations, or seeing things that are not present. …
Unpredictable changes in concentration, attention, alertness, and wakefulness from day to day and sometimes throughout the day. …
Severe loss of thinking abilities that interfere with daily activities.

43
Q

actinic keratosis

A

光化性角化病

44
Q

Lentigo

A

雀斑

45
Q

telangiectasia
tel
angi
ectasia

A

毛细血管扩张

46
Q

junctional naevus( naevi:pl)

A

交界痣

47
Q

tinea versicolor

A

花斑癣

48
Q

adiposity
adip

A

肥胖症
fat

49
Q

anthropomorphic
anthrop

A

拟人化的
man, human

50
Q

sociodemographic
dem/o

A

社会人口学的
people

51
Q

asbestos

A

石棉

52
Q

cement

A

水泥

53
Q

silica

A

二氧化硅

54
Q

mesothelioma

A

间皮瘤

55
Q

particulate matter

A

悬浮颗粒

56
Q

trachoma

A

沙眼

57
Q

keratoconjunctivitis
kerato
conjunctiv/o

A

角膜结膜炎

58
Q

entropion

A

睑内翻

59
Q

trichiasis
trich/i

A

倒睫
hair

60
Q

entamoeba histolytica

A

溶组织内阿米巴

61
Q

seminomas

A

精原细胞的

62
Q

dentate line

A

齿状线

63
Q

malaria

A

疟疾

64
Q

chloroquine

A

n.[药] 氯喹（疟疾特效药的一种）
网络 氯喹; 氯奎; 金鸡纳霜

65
Q

albendazole

A

n.阿苯达唑；丙硫咪唑
网络 阿苯哒唑
驱虫药

66
Q

antihelminthic
helminth

A

驱肠虫的
worm

67
Q

lactation

A

哺乳

68
Q

tinidazole

A

替硝唑

69
Q

schistosomiasis

A

血吸虫

70
Q

anasarca

A

全身水肿

71
Q

amaurosis fugax

A

一时性黑蒙

72
Q

apixaban

A

Apixaban is a novel oral anticoagulant (NOAC) approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2012 for use in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation to reduce the risk of stroke and blood clots. Later, in 2014, it was approved to treat deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).

73
Q

Flecainide

A

氟卡尼(Flecainide)是一种治疗心律不整和心室性博过速的药物。烟草能刺激肝酵素，导致氟卡尼被快速清除，降低其药效。

74
Q

nicotine

A

尼古丁

75
Q

lacrimal

A

of or relating to tears or to the glands that secrete tears 眼泪的; 泪腺的

76
Q

miosis

A

瞳孔缩小

77
Q

coarctation

A

（血管）狹窄

78
Q

toxoplasmosis
toxoplasma

A

弓形虫病
弓形虫

79
Q

hypostatic

A

实体的

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